Author(s):
Sandip Chatterjee, Kiran Raj Satpathy, Divyani Soni, Sakshi Gupta, Nisha Verma
Email(s):
sandipkarna1994@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00550 
Address:
Sandip Chatterjee1,2*, Kiran Raj Satpathy3, Divyani Soni 1, Sakshi Gupta1, Nisha Verma1
1School of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Sanskriti University, Semri, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India - 281401.
2NSHM Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Durgapur, West Bengal, India-713212.
3Assistant Professor at Department of Pharmacognosy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bolangir, Odisha, India - 767001.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 8,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Diabetic brain encephalopathy (DE) is a serious yet often underrecognized complication of diabetes, marked by progressive cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, and structural changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. It arises from chronic hyperglycaemia, cerebral insulin resistance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, AGEs accumulation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Recent studies highlight the neuroprotective potential of phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, bacosides, and berberine through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic mechanisms, with preliminary clinical evidence suggesting cognitive benefits. Integrative strategies, including nutraceutical supplementation and lifestyle interventions like aerobic exercise, may further improve neuronal function and cognitive outcomes. Future research should focus on elucidating molecular pathways and validating multi-targeted therapies to prevent and manage DE effectively.
Cite this article:
Sandip Chatterjee, Kiran Raj Satpathy, Divyani Soni, Sakshi Gupta, Nisha Verma. Botanical Therapies for Improving Cognitive Function in Diabetic: An Overview. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(8):3913-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00550
Cite(Electronic):
Sandip Chatterjee, Kiran Raj Satpathy, Divyani Soni, Sakshi Gupta, Nisha Verma. Botanical Therapies for Improving Cognitive Function in Diabetic: An Overview. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(8):3913-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00550 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-8-67
REFERENCES:
1. Bassi G, Gabrielli S, Donisi V, Carbone S, Forti S, Salcuni S. Assessment of psychological distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus through technologies: literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021; 23(1): e17740.
2. Cheon SY, Song J. The association between hepatic encephalopathy and Diabetic brain encephalopathy: the brain-liver axis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(1): 463.
3. Shi S, Yin HJ, Li J, Wang L, Wang WP, Wang XL. Studies of pathology and pharmacology of Diabetic brain encephalopathy with KK‐Ay mouse model. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics. 2020; 26(3): 332-42.
4. Mazumdar D, Singh S. Diabetic brain encephalopathy: role of oxidative and nitrosative factors in type 2 diabetes. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 2024; 39(1): 3-17.
5. Boren J, Taskinen MR. Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. 2021: 133.
6. Lionetti N, Di Lago MG, Brescia T, Bevilacqua F, Gnoni A. Diabetes and brain: omics approaches to study Diabetic brain encephalopathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2025; 16: 1570585.
7. Belenichev I, Aliyeva O, Popazova O, Bukhtiyarova N. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of diabetic encephalopathy. Acta Biochimica Polonica. 2023; 70(4): 751-60.
8. Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ, Atlas ID. COVID-19 and diabetes. InIDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th edition 2021. International Diabetes Federation.
9. Chow YY, Verdonschot M, McEvoy CT, Peeters G. Associations between depression and cognition, mild cognitive impairment and dementia in persons with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2022; 185.
10. Ehtewish H, Arredouani A, El-Agnaf O. Diagnostic, prognostic, and mechanistic biomarkers of diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive decline. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(11): 6144.
11. Ma F, Zhang Q, Shi J, Li S, Wu L, Zhang H. Risk factors for cognitive dysfunction and glycemic management in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2023; 23(1): 220.
12. Palix C, Felisatti F, Gonneaud J, Kuhn E, Mézenge F, Landeau B, Chocat A et al. Relationships between diabetes-related vascular risk factors and neurodegeneration biomarkers in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging. 2022; 118: 25-33.
13. Potenza MA, Sgarra L, Desantis V, Nacci C, Montagnani M. Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease: might mitochondrial dysfunction help deciphering the common path?. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(8): 1257.
14. Carr AL, Sluiman AJ, Grecian SM, Forster R, McLachlan S, Strachan MW, Price JF. Depression as a risk factor for dementia in older people with type 2 diabetes and the mediating effect of inflammation. Diabetologia. 2021; 64(2): 448-57.
15. Braconnier ML, Siper PM. Neuropsychological assessment in autism spectrum disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2021; 23(10): 63.
16. Srivastava SP, Upadhyay P, Das S, Tiwari N, Mishra S, Tripathi SM. Managing diabetic complications with alternative therapeutic strategies. Current Diabetes Reviews. 2024; 20(5): 110-9.
17. Wang ZC, Machuki JO, Li MZ, Li KX, Sun HJ. A narrative review of plant and herbal medicines for delaying diabetic atherosclerosis: an update and future perspectives. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2021; 22(4): 1361-81.
18. Sani A, Tajik A, Seiiedi SS, et al. A review of the anti-diabetic potential of saffron. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights. 2022; 15.
19. Rashrash M, Schommer JC, Brown LM. Prevalence and predictors of herbal medicine use among adults in the United States. J Patient Exp. 2017; 4(3): 108–13.
20. Alqathama A, Alluhiabi G, Baghdadi H, Aljahani L, Khan O, Jabal S, Makkawi S, Alhomoud F. Herbal medicine from the perspective of type II diabetic patients and physicians: what is the relationship?. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2020; 20(1): 65.
21. Eftekharpour E, Fernyhough P. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. 2022; 37(7-9): 578-96.
22. Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Zorina II, Sokolova TV, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. Insulin and α-tocopherol enhance the protective effect of each other on brain cortical neurons under oxidative stress conditions and in rat two-vessel forebrain ischemia/reperfusion injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(21): 11768.
23. Michailidis M, Moraitou D, Tata DA, Kalinderi K, Papamitsou T, Papaliagkas V. Alzheimer’s disease as type 3 diabetes: common pathophysiological mechanisms between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(5): 2687.
24. Sędzikowska A, Szablewski L. Insulin and insulin resistance in Alzheimer’s disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(18): 9987.
25. Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Lakic I, Ruzicic A, Jasnic N, Djurasevic S, Djordjevic J, Vujovic P. The expression of insulin in the central nervous system: what have we learned so far?. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7): 6586.
26. Yang X, Xu Y, Gao W, Wang L, Zhao X, Liu G, Fan K, et al. Hyperinsulinemia-induced microglial mitochondrial dynamic and metabolic alterations lead to neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2022; 16: 1036872.
27. Li JX, Cummins CL. Fresh insights into glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus and new therapeutic directions. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2022; 18(9): 540-57.
28. Li H, Ren J, Li Y, Wu Q, Wei J. Oxidative stress: The nexus of obesity and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2023; 14: 1134025.
29. Zong Y, Han Z, Xu L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Liu T. Identification of Hub Genes and Pathways Associated with Ageing in Diabetic brain encephalopathy Based on Transcriptome Analysis. Biochemical Genetics. 2025: 1-26.
30. Benameur T, Giacomucci G, Panaro MA, Ruggiero M, Trotta T, Monda V, Pizzolorusso I, Lofrumento DD, Porro C, Messina G. New promising therapeutic avenues of curcumin in brain diseases. Molecules. 2022; 27(1): 236.
31. Keshk WA, Elseady WS, Sarhan NI, Zineldeen DH. Curcumin attenuates cytoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and cholinergic dysfunction in diabetic rat hippocampus. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2020; 35(4): 637-47.
32. Iqbal MR, Sharma SK. Withania somnifera extract improves cognitive, behavioral and mood disorders in animal model of bipolar disorder. Journal of Research in Pharmacy. 2022; 26(6): 1825-41.
33. Hosny EN, El-Gizawy MM, Sawie HG, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Khadrawy YA. Neuroprotective effect of ashwagandha extract against the neurochemical changes induced in rat model of hypothyroidism. Journal of Dietary Supplements. 2021; 18(1): 72-91.
34. Basheer A, Agarwal A, Mishra B, Gupta A, Srivastava MV, Kirubakaran R et al. Use of bacopa monnieri in the treatment of dementia due to alzheimer disease: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Interactive Journal of Medical Research. 2022; 11(2): e38542.
35. Gosciniak A, Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Szeląg M, Pawlak J, Skiera I, Kwiatkowska H et al. Bacopa monnieri: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Neuroactive Effects, Safety of Use and the Search for Improved Bioavailability. Nutrients. 2025; 17(11): 1939.
36. Zeng M, Zhang K, Yang J, Zhang Y, You P, Yan L, Weng Y. Effects of Ginseng on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Phytotherapy Research. 2024; 38(12): 6023-34.
37. Yu D, Zhang P, Li J, Liu T, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Lu X, Fan X. Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2021; 11(2): 220-31.
38. Nowak A, Kojder K, Zielonka-Brzezicka J, Wróbel J, Bosiacki M, Fabiańska M et al. The use of Ginkgo biloba L. as a neuroprotective agent in the Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021; 12: 775034..
39. Xu Y, Liu S, Zhu L, Dai L, Qian W, Zhang J, Li X, Pan W. Green tea protects against hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in Diabetic brain encephalopathy by inhibiting JNK/MLCK signaling. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2021; 24(2): 575.
40. Zhang R, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang P, Song H, Yao DA, Cao J, Zhang JJ. Green tea improves cognitive function through reducing AD-pathology and improving anti-oxidative stress capacity in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2022; 14: 919766.
41. Hegazy RA, Abdulbaqi AA, Hassani R, El-kholy SS, Farrag FA, El-Magd MA. Cytoprotective impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on liver damage and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences. 2025; 18(2): 101532.
42. Habbu PV, Madagundi SD, Kulkarni VH. Antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of endophytic fungal fractions recovered from Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) leaves. RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021; 11(2).
43. Singh R, Bhattacharyya C, Prashar V, Arora T, Sharma A, Changotra H, Parkash J. Tinospora cordifolia: a potential neuroprotective agent against various neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2023; 42: 100775.
44. Yadav E, Yadav P, Khan MM, Singh H, Verma A. Resveratrol: A potential therapeutic natural polyphenol for neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022; 13: 922232.
45. Hu HC, Lei YH, Zhang WH, Luo XQ. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of resveratrol in diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022; 13: 841818.
46. Huang J, Huang N, Xu S, Luo Y, Li Y, Jin H, Yu C, Shi J, Jin F. Signaling mechanisms underlying inhibition of neuroinflammation by resveratrol in neurodegenerative diseases. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2021; 88: 108552.
47. Nandini HS, Krishna KL, Apattira C. Combination of Ocimum sanctum extract and Levetiracetam ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal architecture in rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 2022; 120: 102069.
48. Phochantachinda S, Chatchaisak D, Temviriyanukul P, Chansawang A, Pitchakarn P, Chantong B. Ethanolic fruit extract of emblica officinalis suppresses neuroinflammation in microglia and promotes neurite outgrowth in Neuro2a cells. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021; 2021(1): 6405987.
49. Azam F, Amer AM, Abulifa AR, Elzwawi MM. Ginger components as new leads for the design and development of novel multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer’s drugs: A computational investigation. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2014: 2045-59.
50. Arcusa R, Villaño D, Marhuenda J, Cano M, Cerdà B, Zafrilla P. Potential role of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022; 9: 809621.
51. Veerendra Kumar MH, Gupta YK. Effect of Centella asiatica on cognition and oxidative stress in an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2003; 30(5‐6): 336-42.
52. Wong JH, Barron AM, Abdullah JM. Mitoprotective effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.: anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective opportunities in neurodegenerative disease. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021; 12: 687935.
53. Ertas A, Yigitkan S, Orhan IE. A focused review on cognitive improvement by the genus Salvia L.(Sage)—From ethnopharmacology to clinical evidence. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16(2): 171.
54. Suryani M, Yulyana A, Sumaiyah S, Fitri K, Lubis LD, Daulay W, Surbakti C, Astyka R, Lubis MF. Microwave-assisted extraction enhances the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of polyphenol-rich Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract. Discover Food. 2025; 5(1): 244.
55. Thembane N, Hlatshwayo S, Ngcobo M, Ngubane P, Gqaleni N. Review on the Anti-Hyperglycemic Potential of Psidium guajava and Seriphium plumosum L. Plants. 2024; 13(12): 1608.
56. Zhang W, Hou C, Du L, Zhang X, Yang M, Chen L, Li J. Protective action of pomegranate peel polyphenols in type 2 diabetic rats via the translocation of Nrf2 and FoxO1 regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Food and Function. 2021; 12(22): 11408-19.
57. Rahmani G, Farajdokht F, Mohaddes G, Babri S, Ebrahimi V, Ebrahimi H. Garlic (Allium sativum) improves anxiety-and depressive-related behaviors and brain oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020; 126(2): 95-100.
58. Penda MZ, Kandeda AK, Longo F, Ateufack LB, Dimo T. Sida corymbosa prevents seizures and memory deficit via inhibition of oxidative stress and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Heliyon. 2024; 10(21).
59. Arora R, Deshmukh R. Embelin Mitigates Amyloid-β-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Potential Therapeutic Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecular Neurobiology. 2025; 62(2): 1577-90.
60. Wang Y, Wang K, Yan J, Zhou Q, Wang X. Recent progress in research on mechanisms of action of natural products against Alzheimer’s disease: dietary plant polyphenols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(22): 13886.
61. Stromsnes K, Lagzdina R, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Gimeno-Mallench L, Gambini J. Pharmacological properties of polyphenols: Bioavailability, mechanisms of action, and biological effects in in vitro studies, animal models, and humans. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(8): 1074.
62. Lee Y, Park HR, Lee JY, Kim J, Yang S, Lee C, Kim K, Kim HS, Chang SC, Lee J. Low-dose curcumin enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and memory retention in young mice. Archives of Pharmacal Research. 2023; 46(5): 423-37.
63. Aly HA. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis induced testicular dysfunction in diabetic rats: ameliorative effect of resveratrol. Endocrinology. 2021; 162(4): bqab018.
64. Li J, Yang Y, Wang H, Ma D, Wang H, Chu L, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Baicalein ameliorates myocardial ischemia through reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via TLR4/MyD88/MAPKS/NF-κB pathway and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis by L-type Ca2+ channels. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022; 13: 842723.
65. Mak S, Li W, Fu H, Luo J, Cui W, Hu S, Pang Y, Carlier PR, Tsim KW, Pi R, Han Y. Promising tacrine/huperzine A‐based dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for neurodegenerative disorders: From relieving symptoms to modifying diseases through multitarget. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2021; 158(6): 1381-93.
66. Basheer A, Agarwal A, Mishra B, Gupta A, Srivastava MV, Kirubakaran R, Vishnu V. Use of bacopa monnieri in the treatment of dementia due to alzheimer disease: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Interactive Journal of Medical Research. 2022; 11(2): e38542.
67. Chang X, Wang Y, Zheng B, Chen Y, Xie J, Song Y, Ding X, Hu X, Hu X, Yu Q. The role of acrolein in neurodegenerative diseases and its protective strategy. Foods. 2022; 11(20): 3203.
68. Singh NK, Garabadu D. Quercetin exhibits α7nAChR/Nrf2/HO-1-mediated neuroprotection against STZ-induced mitochondrial toxicity and cognitive impairments in experimental rodents. Neurotoxicity Research. 2021; 39(6): 1859-79.
69. Hambali A, Kumar J, Hashim NF, Maniam S, Mehat MZ, Cheema MS, Mustapha M, Adenan MI, Stanslas J, Hamid HA. Hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: potential neuroprotective effects of Centella asiatica. Frontiers in Physiology. 2021; 12: 712317.
70. Kong Y, Yang H, Nie R, Zhang X, Zhang H, Nian X. Berberine as a multi-target therapeutic agent for obesity: from pharmacological mechanisms to clinical evidence. European Journal of Medical Research. 2025; 30(1): 477.
71. Li R, Robinson M, Ding X, Geetha T, Al‐Nakkash L, Broderick TL, Babu JR. Genistein: A focus on several neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2022; 46(7): e14155.
72. Benameur T, Giacomucci G, Panaro MA, Ruggiero M, Trotta T, Monda V, Pizzolorusso I, Lofrumento DD, Porro C, Messina G. New promising therapeutic avenues of curcumin in brain diseases. Molecules. 2022; 27(1): 236.
73. Osmanlıoğlu HÖ, Nazıroğlu M. Resveratrol modulates diabetes-induced neuropathic pain, apoptosis, and oxidative neurotoxicity in mice through TRPV4 channel inhibition. Molecular Neurobiology. 2024; 61(9): 7269-86.
74. Sadek MA, Rabie MA, El Sayed NS, Sayed HM, Kandil EA. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced cognitive and physical impairments in mice: an insight into the role of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Inflammopharmacology. 2024; 32(2): 1499-518
75. Osmanlıoğlu HÖ, Nazıroğlu M. Resveratrol modulates diabetes-induced neuropathic pain, apoptosis, and oxidative neurotoxicity in mice through TRPV4 channel inhibition. Molecular Neurobiology. 2024; 61(9): 7269-86.
76. Li J, Yang Y, Wang H, Ma D, Wang H, Chu L, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Baicalein ameliorates myocardial ischemia through reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via TLR4/MyD88/MAPKS/NF-κB pathway and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis by L-type Ca2+ channels. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022; 13: 842723.
77. Islam MR, Rauf A, Akter S, Akter H, Al-Imran MI, Islam S, Nessa M, Shompa CJ, Shuvo MN, Khan I, Al Abdulmonem W. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate-induced neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases: molecular mechanisms and clinical insights. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2025; 480(6): 3363-83.
78. Villegas C, Perez R, Petiz LL, Glaser T, Ulrich H, Paz C. Ginkgolides and Huperzine A for complementary treatment of Alzheimer's disease. IUBMB life. 2022; 74(8): 763-79.
79. Meng Q, Ma J, Suo L, Pruekprasert N, Chakrapani P, Cooney RN. Galantamine improves glycemic control and diabetic nephropathy in Leprdb/db mice. Scientific Reports. 2023; 13(1): 15544.
80. Liu J, Ha W, Zhang HX, Shi YP. Hollow urchin-shaped manganese dioxide microspheres immobilized acetylcholinesterase for rapid screening inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines. Journal of Chromatography A. 2022; 1665: 462824.
81. Joshi H, Parle M. Evaluation of nootropic potential of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in mice. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2006; 44(2): 133-6.
82. Bagheri A, Ebrahimpour S, Nourbakhsh N, Talebi S, Esmaeili A. Protective effect of quercetin on alteration of antioxidant genes expression and histological changes in the dental pulp of the streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Archives of Oral Biology. 2021; 125: 105088.
83. Chang X, Wang Y, Zheng B, Chen Y, Xie J, Song Y, Ding X, Hu X, Hu X, Yu Q. The role of acrolein in neurodegenerative diseases and its protective strategy. Foods. 2022; 11(20): 3203.
84. Ansari S, Maurya VK, Kumar S, Tiwari M, Abdel-Moneime AS, Saxena SK. Neuroprotective effects of Centella asiatica against LPS/amyloid beta-induced neurodegeneration through inhibition of neuroinflammation. Neuroscience. 2025; 575: 19-35.
85. Tanwar A, Gulati K, Ray A. Neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera root extract in type 2 diabetes mellitus induced cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2022; 10(4): 47-54.
86. Wang W, He M, Rangji C, Yu S, Long P, Zhang Y, Wen X. Triphala ameliorates cognitive deficits and anxiety via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in chronic sleep-deprived mice. International Immunopharmacology. 2024; 142: 113179.
87. Singh AP, Chaudhary A, Saifi A, Sharma A. Chyawanprash: A Trending Ayurvedic Product in the Modern Healthcare. Current Traditional Medicine. 2025; 11(4): e270224227455.