Author(s):
Arlina Wiyata Gama, Gemini Alam, Suryani As’ad, Athira Rinandha Eragradini
Email(s):
arlinawiyata.gama@uin-alauddin.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00530 
Address:
Arlina Wiyata Gama*1,2, Gemini Alam1,3, Suryani As’ad1,4,5, Athira Rinandha Eragradini6
1Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
2Department of Biomedic, School of Medicine, UIN Alauddin Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia.
3Pyhtochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
4Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
5Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia.
6Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 8,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Marine organisms, including sea urchins, are known to be rich in bioactive compounds that may serve as natural therapeutic agents. Among them, the gonads of Diadema setosum have attracted attention due to their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, comprehensive identification and evaluation of these bioactive components are still limited. This study aimed to identify the active compounds present in the ethanol extract of D. setosum gonads and to assess their antioxidant activity and potential bioactivity using phytochemical testing and GC-MS analysis. An experimental laboratory-based study was conducted using ethanol maceration to extract the gonads of D. setosum collected from coastal waters. The extract was analyzed for its vitamin E and vitamin A content using quantitative methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay, and the chemical composition of the extract was identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis revealed that the gonad extract contained 125.12mg/g of vitamin E and 0.84mg/g of vitamin A in the form of ß-carotene. Antioxidant testing showed a moderate antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 1144.87mg/dL. GC-MS analysis identified a total of 99 compounds, with several dominant bioactive constituents including arachidonic acid, cholesterol, palmitic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. These compounds are known for their pharmacological functions, particularly in reducing oxidative stress, modulating inflammatory responses, and maintaining cell membrane stability. The gonad extract of Diadema setosum contains significant levels of vitamins and bioactive fatty acids that contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. These findings support the possibility of utilizing D. setosum gonads as a natural source of therapeutic agents, especially in the development of health-supporting functional ingredients. Further in vivo and clinical investigations are needed to validate these effects and explore their application in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations.
Cite this article:
Arlina Wiyata Gama, Gemini Alam, Suryani As’ad, Athira Rinandha Eragradini. Phytochemical, GC-MS Profiling, and Identification of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds from Sea Urchin (Diadema setosum) Gonad Extract on Barang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(8):3757-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00530
Cite(Electronic):
Arlina Wiyata Gama, Gemini Alam, Suryani As’ad, Athira Rinandha Eragradini. Phytochemical, GC-MS Profiling, and Identification of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds from Sea Urchin (Diadema setosum) Gonad Extract on Barang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(8):3757-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00530 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-8-47
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