ABSTRACT:
The article provides an overview of pharmacological drugs, their medicinal properties, features, mechanisms of action, and clinical manifestations underlying the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy. Disorders caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain can lead to serious disturbances in the course of symptoms and manifestations of this disease, especially with recurrent epileptic seizures. The causes of epilepsy can be diverse, including genetic, structural, metabolic, and external factors. The most important mechanisms underlying the disease are disturbances in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, changes in neural networks, as well as dysfunctions of ion channels. The study of these causes and the use of modern drugs will allow the development of new methods of diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of epilepsy, which significantly improves the quality of life of patients. One of the main mechanisms underlying epilepsy is hypersynchronization of neurons, that is, the pathological synchronized firing of a group of neurons. Under normal conditions, the brain's neurons work independently, but in epilepsy they are over-synchronized, which causes sudden bursts of activity. These synchronized impulses can then spread to other parts of the brain, causing generalized seizures. In this case, it is the role of neurotransmitters that is significant, due to their functional significance.