Author(s):
Saloni Vaibhav Koli, Madhuri Bhushan Patil
Email(s):
salonnikolli9@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00408 
Address:
Saloni Vaibhav Koli1*, Madhuri Bhushan Patil2
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Karad, Maharashtra – 415539, India.
2Department of Pharmaceutics, Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Karad, Maharashtra – 415539, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 6,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a cornerstone of precision pharmacotherapy aimed at optimising drug efficacy while minimising toxicity. A thorough review of TDM in clinical practice is given in this review, with a focus on its use in the management of drugs with limited therapeutic indices, including immunosuppressant’s (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), cardiovascular agents (digoxin), psychiatric drugs (lithium), and antiepileptic’s (phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine). We searched the literature for peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Assay methods, therapeutic and hazardous ranges, important pharmacokinetic parameters, and monitoring plans were retrieved and examined. The integration of pharmacogenomics (e.g., CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms), its applicability in special populations (paediatrics, geriatrics, pregnancy, and critically ill), and recent developments in point-of-care diagnostics and AI-driven dosing platforms are some of the other emerging trends in TDM that are highlighted in this review. TDM lowers hospitalisations, enhances therapeutic results, and helps provide patient care at a reasonable cost. The advancement of TDM implementation in standard clinical settings depends on the creation of standardised guidelines, the application of contemporary biosensors, and the integration of genetic profiling.
Cite this article:
Saloni Vaibhav Koli, Madhuri Bhushan Patil. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Enhancing Drug Safety and Efficacy in Clinical Practice. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(6):2859-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00408
Cite(Electronic):
Saloni Vaibhav Koli, Madhuri Bhushan Patil. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Enhancing Drug Safety and Efficacy in Clinical Practice. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(6):2859-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00408 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-6-65
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