Author(s):
Kavita J. Shukla, Deepak S. Khobragade, Jagdish R. Baheti
Email(s):
kavitashuklapandeyrr@rediffmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00126 
Address:
Kavita J. Shukla1,2*, Deepak S. Khobragade1, Jagdish R. Baheti2
1Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
2Kamla Nehru College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 2,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Rubia cordifolia L, is one of the active principles of different herbal preparations, in traditional systems of medicine practiced in India, China, and other Asian countries. Plant extracts are scientifically proven for their ability to cure various diseases. This review article focuses on the ethnopharmacological and clinical applications of Rubia cordifolia L concerning skin diseases. Methodology: In this study, we compiled data regarding the use of Rubia cordifolia L in treating skin problems. Review and research papers on the analysis of Rubia cordifolia L and its major bioactive phytoconstituents in treating skin diseases were searched on several databases, mainly PubMed and Google Scholar. Scanning was manual, and duplicates were avoided. Research Findings: Skin, the largest organ of sensation in the human body, protects it from the external environment, and it is often exposed to environmental conditions. Diseases like acne, psoriasis, and eczema are inflammatory, recurring, and chronic, and impose psychosocial and economic burdens on the sufferers. Rubia cordifolia L and the bioactive chemicals present in the plant are used to treat various skin problems. The plant has good detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties which are beneficial in treating skin-related diseases. One or two review papers focusing on the applications of RCL were cited on Google Scholar. We tried to compile the data focusing the usage of RCL in skin diseases Conclusion: The present review highlighted the efficacy and usage of Rubia cordifolia L and bio-actives which can be illustrated and utilized for treating different skin problems.
Cite this article:
Kavita J. Shukla, Deepak S. Khobragade, Jagdish R. Baheti. A Review on High Therapeutic Potentials of Rubia cordifolia Linn and its Bioactives in Skin problems. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(2):888-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00126
Cite(Electronic):
Kavita J. Shukla, Deepak S. Khobragade, Jagdish R. Baheti. A Review on High Therapeutic Potentials of Rubia cordifolia Linn and its Bioactives in Skin problems. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(2):888-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00126 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-2-55
REFERENCES:
1. Ali A, Aslam M, Chaudhary SS. A Review A Review on Pharmacognostic and Therapeutic Uses of Rubia cordifolia. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2020 Nov 15; 10(6): 195-202.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i6.4514
2. Deshkar N, Tilloo S, Pande V. A comprehensive review of Rubia cordifolia L inn. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2008; 2(3): 124.
3. Wen M, Chen Q, Chen W, Yang J, Zhou X, Zhang C, Wu A, Lai J, Chen J, Mei Q, Yang S. A comprehensive review of Rubia cordifolia L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022 Sep 9; 13: 965390. doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.965390
4. Kumari I, Kaurav H, Choudhary G. Rubia cordifolia (Manjishtha): A review based upon its Ayurvedic and Medicinal uses. Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences. 2021 Jun 6; 6: 17-28. doi10.22270/hjhs.v6i2.96
5. Vikas Chaurasia, Saurabh Pal. Skin Diseases Prediction: Binary Classification Machine Learning and Multi Model Ensemble Techniques. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2019; 12(8): 3829-3832. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00656.5
6. Kamani G, Sanghani R, Savalia V, Pandya D. Detection of Adulteration in Rubia cordifolia – A Chromatographic Approach. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(8): 4013-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00695
7. Shan M, Yu S, Yan H, Chen P, Zhang L, Ding A. A review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of rubiae radix et rhizoma. Molecules. 2016; Dec 20; 21(12): 1747. doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121747
8. Xu K, Wang P, Wang L, Liu C, Xu S, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Lei H. Quinone derivatives from the genus Rubia and their bioactivities. Chemistry and biodiversity. 2014 Mar; 11(3): 341-63. doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201200173
9. Nyeem MAB, Mannan MA. Rubia cordifolia-phytochemical and Pharmacological evaluation of indigenous medicinal plant: A review. International Journal of Physiology Nutrition and Physical Education 2018; 3(1): 766-71.
10. Arti Gautam, Swarnakshi Upadhyay. Formulation and Standardization of Polyherbal Face Wash Gel for Acne Management. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; Sep 15(9): 3931-5. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00658
11. Khan K, Karodi R, Siddiqui A, Thube S, Rub R. Development of anti-acne gel formulation of anthraquinones rich fraction from Rubia cordifolia (Rubiaceae). International Journal of Applied Research 2011Apr(4); 494:0 28-36
12. Sharma U, Singh N, Jain N, Dwivedi S. Development and Characterization of Dermatological Formulation Containing Echinacea purpurea and Rubia cordifolia Extract for the Treatment of Acne. Neuroquantology. 2022;20(16):4064.
13. Gauttam VK, Munjal K, Negi N. Bioactivity guided potent antiacne plant extract fractionation against Propionibacterium acnes. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2018 Mar 28; 17(13): 458-65. doi.org/10.5897/AJB2015.14495
14. Gaur PK, Mishra R, Kaushik R, Verma KK, Kumar N, Lata K. Polyherbal Antiacne Gel: In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Efficacy Evaluation Against Cutibacterium acnes. ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies. 2024 Oct 1; 22(7): 373-86. doi.org/10.1089/adt.2024.031
15. Jain A, Basal E. Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes-induced mediators of inflammation by Indian herbs. Phytomedicine. 2003; Jan 1; 10(1): 34-8. doi.org/10.1078/094471103321648638
16. Ramesh V, Arun Kumar KV. Herbally medicated liposomal gel for acne vulgaris. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017; Sep 9; 6(14): 507-29. doi: 10.20959/wjpr201714-9917
17. Gupta R, SM P. Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia) An Ayurvedic drug: literary review. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy. 2015 Jun(1):90-7. doi: 10.7897/2277-4343.06120
18. Priyadarsini S, Vani PB, Kumar PR. A Comparative Review on Conventional and Traditional medicine in the Treatment of Psoriasis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020; Nov; 13(11) 135642-5646. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00983.X
19. Gaikwad R. G., Shinde A. J., Hajare A. A. Herbal Treatment for Management of Psoriasis: An Overview. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022 Mar; 15(3): 1385-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00231
20. Lin ZX, Jiao BW, Che CT, Zuo Z, Mok CF, Zhao M, Ho WK, Tse WP, Lam KY, Fan RQ, Yang ZJ. Ethyl acetate fraction of the root of Rubia cordifolia L. inhibits keratinocyte proliferation in vitro and promotes keratinocyte differentiation in vivo: potential application for psoriasis treatment. Phytotherapy Research. 2010 Jul; 24(7): 1056-64. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3079
21. Bhatia S, Yeola G H., Shirkande A S, Kodre S, Pansare S, Khan AZ, Niware M. Ayurvedic Management of Refractory Atopic Dermatitis - Case Report. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024 Apr; 17(4): 1510-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00239
22. Heralagi P, Urolgin D, Goudar N, Mohd Imtiyaz AAR. Pathological Events and Adverse effect of Atopic Dermatitis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024 Dec; 17(12): 6146-9. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00932
23. Cosmetic components comprised of the rubiadin have anti-allergy activity. Patent number KR101337564B1. Korea Kolmar Co., Ltd.; 2010. Available from: https://patents.google.com/ patent/KR101337564B1/en. Accessed October 28, 2021.80
24. Suryawati N, Iagae I, Wardhana M, Sumardika IW, Indrayani AW, Arimurni DA, Chabib L. Characteristic and Formulation Turmeric Extract Nanoemulsion as Alternative Moisturizer in Atopic Dermatitis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023 Dec; 16(12): 5738-3. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00928
25. Wiliantari S, Iswandana R, E Berna. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Tyrosinase Inhibition, and Stability of Face Mask Cream Formulation from Sweet Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) Seed Fraction. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(11): 5255-3. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00852
26. Vaibhav S. Lakshaman K. Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity of selected Indian herbs. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2012; 3(3): 977-82.
27. Shaji J, Parab S. CCD based Development and Characterization of Tranexamic acid Loaded Transethosomes for Melasma. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(4): 1549-5. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00253
28. Insaf A, Parveen R, Srivastava V, Samal M, Khan M, Ahmad S. TLC–MS-Bioautographic Identification of Antityrosinase Compounds and Preparation of a Topical Gel Formulation from a Bioactive Fraction of an RSM-Optimized Alcoholic Extract of Rubia Cordifolia L. stem. Journal of AOAC International. 2023; 106(6): 1598-607.
29. Biswas R, Mukherjee PK, Dalai MK, Mandal PK, Nag M. Tyrosinase inhibitory potential of purpurin in Rubia cordifolia—A bioactivity guided approach. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015 Nov 15; 74: 319-26.
30. Watroly MN, Sekar M, Fuloria S, Gan SH, Jeyabalan S, Wu YS, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Ravi S, Mat Rani NN, Lum PT. Chemistry, biosynthesis, physicochemical and biological properties of rubiadin: A promising natural anthraquinone for new drug discovery and development. Drug Design, development and therapy. 2021 Nov (15): 4527-49.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S338548
31. Tammineni S, Subramanyam MV,Giri MN Prasad. A Survey work on Early Detection methods of Melanoma Skin Cancer. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2019; 12(5): 2589-2596. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00435.9.
32. Ghadge O, Nadar D, Parmar D. Melanoma and its Drug Targets. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016; 9(5): 562-570. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00107.4
33. Adwankar MK, Chitnis MP. In vivo Anti-cancer activity of RC-18: A Plant Isolate from Rubia cordifolia, Linn, against a spectrum of experimental tumor models. Chemotherapy. 1982 Sep 8; 28(4): 291-3. doi.org/10.1159/000238092
34. Basu S, Hazra B. Evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity, in vitro and ex vivo, of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in inflammatory diseases. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2006 Oct; 20(10): 896-900. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1971
35. Patel A, Patel T, Macwan C, Patel M, Chauhan K, Patel J. Evaluation of anti inflammatory and analgesic activity of roots of Rubia cordifolia in rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2010 Dec 1; 2(12): 809.
36. Tailor CS, Bahuguna YM, Singh V. Antiinflammatory activity of ethanolic stem extracts of Rubia cordifolia L. in rats. International Journal of Research Ayurveda Pharmacy. 2010 Jan; 1(1): 126-130.
37. Gong XP, Sun YY, Chen W, Guo X, Guan JK, Li DY, Du G. Anti-diarrheal and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of the aerial part of Rubia cordifolia. BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine 2017 Dec; 17: 1-9. DOI 10.1186/s12906-016-1527-9
38. Shen CH, Liu CT, Song XJ, Zeng WY, Lu XY, Zheng ZL, Zhan RT. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Rubia cordifolia L. by spectrum-effect relationships. Journal of Chromatography 2018 Jul 15; 1090: 73-80. doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.021
39. Chandraker SK, Lal M, Khanam F, Dhruve P, Singh RP, Shukla R. Therapeutic potential of biogenic and optimized silver nanoparticles using Rubia cordifolia L. leaf extract. Scientific Reports. 2022 May 25; 12(1): 8831. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12878-y
40. Joharapurkar AA, Zambad SP, Wanjari MM, Umathe SN. In vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity of alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia Linn. and its influence on ethanol-induced immunosuppression. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2003Jul1; 35(4): 232-6.
41. Kaur P, Singh B, Kumar S, Kaur S. In vitro evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of Rubia cordifolia L. Journal of Chinese clinical medicine. 2008 May; 3(5): 278-84.
42. Kumar M, Chandel M, Kumar S, Kaur S. Amelioration of oxidative stress by anthraquinones in various in vitro assays. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2012 Jan 1; 2: S692-8. doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60245-X
43. Vinothkanna A, Mathivanan K, Ananth S, Ma Y, Sekar S. Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Rubia cordifolia bark extract: characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, larvicidal and photocatalytic activities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2023 Mar; 30(15): 42563-74.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18996-4
44. Abebe H, Gemech T, Paulos F, Lemma B. Anti-Bacterial Activity Guided Phytochemical Investigation on the Root Bark Extract of Rubia Cordifolia. Article under press (august 2024) ChemRxiv, Biological and Medicinal Chemistry. doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-1npdm
45. Kannan M, Venkatesan S, Singh AR. Bactericidal Studies on the Crude Extracts of Rubia cordifolia L. College Sadana. 2004.
46. Prajapati SN, Parmar KA. Anti-viral and in-vitro free radical scavenging activity of leaves of Rubia cordifolia. International Journal of Phytomedicine. 2011 Jan 1; 3(1): 98.
47. Dutta D, Dutta S, Das S. Synergistic actions of Rubia cordifolia stem extract with meropenem and polymyxin B against different bacteria. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019; 6(10): 243-9.
48. Sun Y, Gong X, Tan JY, Kang L, Li D, Vikash, Yang J, Du G. In vitro antiviral activity of Rubia cordifolia aerial part extract against rotavirus. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2016 Sep; 7: 308 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00308
49. Nam W, Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. Structure-antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity relationships of purpurin and related anthraquinones in chemical and cell assays. Molecules. 2017 Feb 10; 22(2): 265.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020265
50. Kwon HJ, Hahn KR, Nam SM, Yoon YS, Moon SM, Hwang IK, Kim DW. Purpurin ameliorates D-galactose-induced aging phenotypes in mouse hippocampus by reducing inflammatory responses. Neurochemistry International. 2023 Jul 1; 167: 105552.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105552
51. Zeng W, Shen C, Mo S, Ni C, Lin Y, Fang Y, Yang H, Luo G, Xiao L, Zhan R, Yan P. The effective treatment of purpurin on inflammation and adjuvant-induced arthritis. Molecules. 2023 Jan 2; 28(1): 366. doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010366
52. Li J, Zhang JL, Gong XP, Xiao M, Song YY, Pi HF, Du G. Anti-inflammatory activity of mollugin on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Current Medical Science. 2020 Oct; 40(5): 910-6. doi.org/10.1007/s11596-020-2262-5
53. Jeong GS, Lee DS, Kim DC, Jahng Y, Son JK, Lee SH, Kim YC. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of mollugin via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 in mouse hippocampal and microglial cells. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2011 Mar 11; 654(3): 226-34. doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.027
54. Liu X, Shen X, Wang H, Wang J, Ren Y, Zhang M, Li S, Guo L, Li J, Wang Y. Mollugin prevents CLP-induced sepsis in mice by inhibiting TAK1-NF-κB/MAPKs pathways and activating Keap1-Nrf 2 pathway in macrophages. International Immunopharmacology. 2023 Dec 1; 125: 111079. doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111079
55. Zhu ZG, Jin H, Yu PJ, Tian YX, Zhang JJ, Wu SG. Mollugin inhibits the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264. 7 macrophages by blocking the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2013 Mar 1; 36(3): 399-406. doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b12-00804
56. Li X, Hou R, Ding H, Gao X, Wei Z, Qi T, Fang L. Mollugin ameliorates murine allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 response and M2 macrophage activation. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2023 May 5; 946: 175630. doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175630
57. Do MT, Hwang YP, Kim HG, Na M, Jeong HG. Mollugin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by suppressing fatty acid synthase in HER2‐overexpressing cancer cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2013 May; 228(5): 1087-97. doi.org/10.1002/jcp.24258
58. Song L, Tai Y, Li JX, Cao S, Han J, Liu XZ, Cao S, Li MY, Zuo HX, Xing Y, Ma J. Mollugin inhibits IL-1β production by reducing zinc finger protein 91-regulated Pro-IL-1β ubiquitination and inflammasome activity. International Immunopharmacology. 2025 Jan 3; 145: 113757. doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113757
59. Chitsaz R, Zarezadeh A, Asgarpanah J, Najafizadeh P, Mousavi Z. Rubiadin exerts an acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effect in rodents. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2021 Dec 13; 83: e243775. doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243775
60. Joann MD. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory efficacy of RA-V: A natural cyclopeptide. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 2020 Feb; 190: 732-44. doi.org/10.1007/s12010-019-03124-9
61. An XuSheng AX, Shang FuTai SF. RA-XII exerts anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute renal injury by suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs regulated by HO-1/Nrf2 pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications, 2018 Jan; 495(3): 2317-2323.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.131
62. Woo H J W H, Jun D Y J D, Lee J Y L J, Park H S P H, Woo M H WM, Park S J P S, Kim S C K S, Yang C H YC, Kim Y H K Y. Anti-inflammatory action of 2-carbomethoxy-2, 3-epoxy-3-prenyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone (CMEP-NQ) suppresses both the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways of TLR4 signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017 Jun; Vol. 205: 103-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.029
63. Lee JH, Kim YG, Yong Ryu S, Lee J. Calcium-chelating alizarin and other anthraquinones inhibit biofilm formation and the hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus. Scientific Reports. 2016 Jan 14; 6(1): 19267. doi.org/10.1038/srep19267
64. Marioni J, Bresoli - Obach R, Agut M, Comini LR, Cabrera JL, Paraje MG, Nonell S, Nunez Montoya SC. On of Candida tropicalis biofilm reduction by the combined action of naturally-occurring anthraquinones and blue light. PLoS One. 2017; Jul; 12(7): e0181517. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181517
65. Mohr ET, dos Santos Nascimento MV, da Rosa JS, Vieira GN, Kretzer IF, Sandjo LP, Dalmarco EM. Evidence That the Anti‐Inflammatory Effect of Rubiadin‐1‐methyl Ether Has an Immunomodulatory Context. Mediators of Inflammation. 2019 Nov; 2019(1): 6474168.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6474168
66. Mok CF, Xie CM, Sham KW, Lin ZX, Cheng CH. 1, 4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid induces apoptosis in human keratinocyte: potential application for psoriasis treatment. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013Apr; 2013(1): 792840.doi.org/10.1155/2013/792840
67. Ghosh S, Das Sarma M, Patra A, Hazra B. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer compounds isolated from Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., Rubia cordifolia Linn. and Lantana camara Linn. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2010 Sep; 62(9): 1158-66. doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01151.x
68. Baghiani A, Charef N, Djarmouni M, A Saadeh H, Arrar L, S Mubarak M. Free radical scanvenging and antioxidant effects of some anthraquinone derivatives. Medicinal Chemistry. 2011 Nov; 7(6): 639-44.
69. Sharma P, Daria P. Ayurvedic Management of Yuvana Pidika (Acne Vulgaris)-A Case Report. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports. 2020 Sep 29; 4(3): 148-53.
70. Shinde, S., Bhargava, P., and Mishra, D. S. Management Of Psoriasis: A Comparative Clinical Study Of Standard Ayurveda and Allopathic Protocols. International Journal of Research Granthaalayah, 2021 Aug: 9(8): 290301. doi .org/ 10.29121 /granthialayah.v9.i8.2021.4190
71. Sharma BS, Mahajon B, Rao BC, Srikanth N. A Study Protocol of a Prospective, Open-label, Single-arm, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Classical Ayurveda Medicines in the Management of Vicharchika (Atopic Eczema). Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. 2019 Jan 1; 3(1): 27-33. 69. doi:10.5005/jras-10064-0070
72. Javed D, Anwar S, Gupta D. Lichenoid dermatitis treated with Ayurveda therapies: A case report. Journal of Ayurveda Case Reports. 2022 Apr 1; 5(2): 58-61. doi: 10.4103/jacr.jacr_92_21
73. Mishra K, Shukla U, Garg KC, Sharma S. A Comparative Pharmaco-Clinical Study of Arjuna and Manjishtha wsr to Vyanga. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences. 2019 Aug; 4(04): 146-53. 71 DOI: https:doi.org/10.21760/jams.v4i04.657
74. Shaha VRA, Vs Vc. Management of Vyanga with Manjishtha Lepa (Case Series). World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2021; 10(2): 1109-1116. doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WXZFQ
75. Majhi P, Wane Y, Joshi P. Management of Twak Vaivarnya (Hyperpigmentation) Through Ayurved: A Case Study. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2021; 10(13): 2158-2164. 73. doi: 10.20959/wjpr202113-22264
76. Darak VV, Shimpi AJ. Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial To Compare Laghumanjisthadi Kwath Gutika With Panchatikta Ghrita Guggul In Management Of Dadru Kushtha. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2024; 13(11): 1533-1547 74. doi: 10.20959/wjpr202411-32633
77. Neelam A, Anita S, Rashmi S. Clinical Study on The Efficacy of Takzema Tablet And Takzema Ointment In The Management Of Vicharchika Eczema. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017; 6(10): 654-666. DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201710-9294