Author(s):
Imelda Ferendina, Urip Harahap, Wiryanto Wiryanto, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa
Email(s):
khairunnisa7@usu.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00656 
Address:
Imelda Ferendina2, Urip Harahap1, Wiryanto Wiryanto1, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa1*
1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia.
2Doctor in Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 10,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Pharmacy business sustainability remains a critical challenge in the face of evolving regulations and increasing market competition. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive conceptual model and questionnaire to assess pharmacy sustainability across six key domains: Human Resources (HR), Pharmacy Operations, Marketing Strategy, Financial Management, Risk Management, and SWOT Analysis. A mixed-methods exploratory design was employed, integrating qualitative insights from literature review and expert consultations with quantitative validation procedures. The qualitative phase informed the development of 62 questionnaire items, ensuring relevance to real-world pharmacy practice and management contexts. Content validity was evaluated using expert judgment from professionals in community pharmacy, management, and academia, demonstrating high agreement across all domains. Reliability testing further confirmed the internal consistency of the instrument. Overall, the findings indicate that sustainable pharmacy practice is a multidimensional construct, strongly influenced not only by operational and marketing efficiency but also by strategic human resource management, financial transparency, proactive risk mitigation, and structured SWOT-based planning. This study introduces a novel, integrative framework that systematically captures the key determinants of pharmacy business sustainability. The validated instrument provides a practical tool for pharmacy managers, stakeholders, and policymakers to assess performance, identify gaps, and support evidence-based decision-making. It also establishes a foundation for future large-scale quantitative studies and policy-driven interventions aimed at strengthening the resilience and competitiveness of pharmacy services.
Cite this article:
Imelda Ferendina, Urip Harahap, Wiryanto Wiryanto, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa. Development and Validation of a Conceptual Model for Sustainable Pharmacy Business: A Mixed-Methods Study. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4708-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00656
Cite(Electronic):
Imelda Ferendina, Urip Harahap, Wiryanto Wiryanto, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa. Development and Validation of a Conceptual Model for Sustainable Pharmacy Business: A Mixed-Methods Study. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4708-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00656 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-10-32
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