Author(s):
Ganesh Kumar, Meenakshi Bhatt, Archana Dhyani, Sumit Durgapal
Email(s):
drganeshbhatt2@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00641 
Address:
Ganesh Kumar1*, Meenakshi Bhatt2, Archana Dhyani3, Sumit Durgapal4
1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
2Price Monitoring Resource Unit Uttarakhand, India.
3School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
4Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 10,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
In order to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis (RA), this study developed azathioprine-loaded transfersomal gel (AZ-TFS-Gel), which reduces the frequency of oral dosages and the related side effects. Film-hydration method was used for fabrication of Azathioprine-loaded transfersomes (AZ-TFS). Using Design Expert 13 version software, the Box-Behnken method optimized the effects of egg lecithin concentration, egg lecithin/Edge Activators ratio, and Edge Activator types on the characteristics of the AZ-TFS. The morphology of the optimized AZ-TFS was examined by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). AZ-TFS-Gel was developed using the optimized AZ-TFS formulation and Carbopol 940 as the gelling agent. The optimized AZ-TFS was found to have a spherical particle size of 172.60+18.37nm, a polydispersity index(PDI) of 0.3788+0.6, a zeta potential of -13.90+6.31mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 82.93+1.86%, and a release efficiency of 68.78+4.21%. Studies on ex-vivo skin permeation into rat skin revealed that AZ-TFS-Gel's cumulative amount of azathioprine permeation was significantly more than that of Azathioprine gel.When compared to Azathioprine-Gel, the Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) rat model showed a significant decrease in paw edema throughout the period of the 14-day research when AZ-TFS-Gel was applied. As a result, AZ-TFS-Gel may be regarded as a viable system of drug delivery for RA therapy.
Cite this article:
Ganesh Kumar, Meenakshi Bhatt, Archana Dhyani, Sumit Durgapal. Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Azathioprine Loaded Transfersomal gel, using Box-Behnken Method for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4609-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00641
Cite(Electronic):
Ganesh Kumar, Meenakshi Bhatt, Archana Dhyani, Sumit Durgapal. Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Azathioprine Loaded Transfersomal gel, using Box-Behnken Method for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4609-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00641 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-10-17
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