ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) imposes a significant burden on global healthcare systems due to its progressive nature and associated comorbidities. Early identification and management of CKD stages 3-5 are crucial to mitigate complications and improve patient outcomes. Objective: This study aims to delve into the multifaceted factors influencing the progression of CKD from moderate to advanced stages, specifically focusing on Stages 3, 4, and 5, and to delineate the pivotal roles and responsibilities of clinical pharmacists in progression management. Methods: A cohort of 200 patients with chronic renal disease who were admitted to King George Hospital (KGH) and Maharaja Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS) over a six-month period were included in this research. The study utilized a descriptive analytical approach, where the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. Patients with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were categorized as having chronic kidney disease. Results: Among the 200 patients diagnosed with chronic renal disease, 44 are categorized in stage 3, 61 in stage 4, and 95 in stage 5. The demographic characteristics of the studied population reveal that the majority (77%) were aged above 40 years. The predominant condition, observed in 45% of patients, was diabetes mellitus, followed by hypertension (42.5%), anemia (21.5%), cardiovascular disease (19%), autoimmune disease (8%), and obesity (6%). Conclusion: The findings from this study provide important insights into the intricate interplay among risk variables and CKD progression, with implications for clinical treatment, public health programs, and future investigation endeavors.