Author(s):
Sreerag P, Anchana Babu, Nayanatara AK, Shyamala Nayak, Megha Gokul, Ashwathi K, Rekha D Kini, Anupama N, Vandana Blossom
Email(s):
nayanatara.arun@maipal.edu
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00458
Address:
Sreerag P1, Anchana Babu1, Nayanatara AK2*, Shyamala Nayak3, Megha Gokul2, Ashwathi K4, Rekha D Kini2, Anupama N2, Vandana Blossom5
1Department of Physiology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mukka.
2Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
3Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal , India.
4Department of shalakya tantra, Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Moodabidre, Karnataka, India.
5Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal , India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 18,
Issue - 7,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. The incidence of depression is two to three times more in patients with diabetes when compared to healthy population. Depression is ignored in diabetic patients. The present research is focused on Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) which targets "Good Health and Well-being". Nishamalaki is an Ayurvedic preparation which contains a mixture of amla (Emblica officinalis) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa). Till date, no studies has been explored on the antidepressant role of Nishamalaki in diabetic depression. Wistar rats were randomly divided into control groups and experimental groups. The experimental groups were injected with streptozotocin (40mg/kg Body weight), based on the 15 days chronic unpredictable stress exposure and treatment with Nishamalaki these rats were further subdivided into various subgroups. At the end of the 15th day, after the behavior and cognitive function analysis, the rats were anaesthetized, blood was collected through cardiac puncture for the estimation of serum cortisol. Cortex and Cerebellum was separated from the brain tissue for the biochemical analysis. The blood glucose level, serum cortisol was significantly decreased in the treated groups. Moreover, Lipid peroxidation level in the cerebellum and cortex significantly decreased(P<0.0001) and antioxidant level in these tissues significantly increased (P<0.0001). Sensory motor coordination and behavioral functions, cognitive functions showed significant improvement (P<0.0001) in the treated group. The level of Anxiety significantly decreased in the Nishamalaki treated group. The present study, proved the antidepressant role of Nishamalaki along with the stabilized action of hypoglycemia.
Cite this article:
Sreerag P, Anchana Babu, Nayanatara AK, Shyamala Nayak, Megha Gokul, Ashwathi K, Rekha D Kini, Anupama N, Vandana Blossom. Effect of Nishamalaki on cerebellum and cerebral cortex in Rat Model of Diabetic Depression. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(7):3185-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00458
Cite(Electronic):
Sreerag P, Anchana Babu, Nayanatara AK, Shyamala Nayak, Megha Gokul, Ashwathi K, Rekha D Kini, Anupama N, Vandana Blossom. Effect of Nishamalaki on cerebellum and cerebral cortex in Rat Model of Diabetic Depression. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(7):3185-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00458 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-7-38
RFERRENCES:
1. Kanwar N, Sharma RC, Sharma DD, Ramesh, Mokta K, Mokta JK. Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity among Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Hilly State of North India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 23(6): 602-608.
2. Prigge R, Wild SH, Jackson CA. Depression, diabetes, comorbid depression and diabetes and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study. Diabetologia. 2022; 65(9): 1450-1460.
3. Mukherjee N, Chaturvedi SK. Depressive symptoms and disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2019; 32(5): 416-421.
4. Karpha K, Biswas J, Nath S, Dhali A, Sarkhel S, Dhali GK. Factors affecting depression and anxiety in diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022; 84: 104945.
5. Munish Kakar, Pakhi Chakarborty, Tapan Behl, Sukhbir Singh, Neelam Sharma, Monika Sachdeva. Insight into the role of Inflammation in progression of Diabetes associated Neuropathy. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(11): 5477-5483..
6. Hussain S, Habib A, Singh A, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. Prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in India: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2018; 270: 264-273.
7. Samidha Kamtekar, Vrushali Keer. Management of Diabetes: A Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2014; 7(9): 1065-1072.
8. Vaishali. R. Undale, Sujata S. Kurkute, Srutuja S. Jadhav. Curcumin Potentiates Therapeutic Efficacy of Metformin: A Preclinical Study in STZ-NA Induced Hyperglycemia in Wistar Rats. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(6): 2591-2596..
9. Fianza Rezkita, Kadek G. P. Wibawa, Alexander P. Nugraha. Curcumin loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle for Accelerating the Post Extraction Wound Healing in Diabetes Mellitus Patient: A Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(2): 1039-10
10. Sanakousar K. Patel, Arun K Shutter, Ria Patil, Archana Desangi, Vishalakshi Malali, Jyoti Patil, Sumangala Patil, Kusal K. Das, Prachi P. Parvatikar. In-Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic effects of different Solvent Extraction Terminalia chebula, Terminalia billerica, Phyllanthus emblica. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2022; 15(7): 2940-4.
11. . Yadav RK, Mishra R, Chhipa RP, Audichya KC. Clinical trial of an indgenous compound drug nishaamalki in the management of madhumeha vis-à-vis diabetes mellitus. Anc Sci Life. 2001; 21(1): 18-24.
12. Megha Gokul, Nayanatara Arun Kumar, Rekha D. Kini, Nirupama M., Anupama N., Bhagyalakshmi K., Vandana Blossom, Santosh Rai P.V. Effect of chronic unpredictable stress on behavioral analysis and cognitive functions in association with hippocampus glial cells. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2022; 15(11): 5057
13. Ghasemi A, Jeddi S. Streptozotocin as a tool for induction of rat models of diabetes: a practical guide. EXCLI J. 2023; 22: 274-294
14. Kraeuter AK, Guest PC, Sarnyai Z. The Elevated Plus Maze Test for Measuring Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rodents. Methods Mol Biol. 2019; 1916: 69-74.
15. Badescu SV, Tătaru C, Kobylinska L, et al. The association between Diabetes mellitus and Depression. J Med Life. 2016; 9(2): 120-125.
16. Bayani MA, Shakiba N, Bijani A, Moudi S. Depression and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Caspian J Intern Med. 2022; 13(2): 335-342.
17. Alzoubi A, Abunaser R, Khassawneh A, Alfaqih M, Khasawneh A, Abdo N. The Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Depression: A Literature Review. Korean J Fam Med. 2018; 39(3): 137-146.
18. Dawane JS, Pandit VA, Deshpande SS, Mandpe AS. Preventive and Protective Effect of Nishamalaki in STZ Induced Diabetic Complications in Wistar Rats. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(6): FF01-FF4.
19. Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, et al. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(17): 6275
20. Chandiran Sharmila, Krishnamoorthy Renuka, Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian. Biochemical Evaluation of Antidiabetic properties of Strychnos potatorum Seeds extract studied in High Fat Diet Fed- Low dose Streptozotocin induced experimental type 2 diabetes in Rats. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(6): 2615-2623
21. Vaishali. R. Undale, Sujata S. Kurkute, Srutuja S. Jadhav. Curcumin Potentiates Therapeutic Efficacy of Metformin: A Preclinical Study in STZ-NA Induced Hyperglycemia in Wistar Rats. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(6): 2591-2596..
22. Ilchmann-Diounou H, Menard S. Psychological Stress, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunctions, and Autoimmune Disorders: An Overview. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 1823
23. Ranabir S, Reetu K. Stress and hormones. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 15(1): 18-22.
24. Kraeuter AK, Guest PC, Sarnyai Z. The Elevated Plus Maze Test for Measuring Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rodents. Methods Mol Biol. 2019; 1916: 69-74.
25. González P, Lozano P, Ros G, Solano F. Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress: An Integral, Updated and Critical Overview of Their Metabolic Interconnections. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(11): 9352.