Author(s):
Most. Khadiza Khatun, Md. Kamrul Hasan Kazal, Romana Jahan Moon, Rakhi Chacrabati, Chayon Goswami
Email(s):
chayon.goswami@bau.edu.bd
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00448 
Address:
Most. Khadiza Khatun1, Md. Kamrul Hasan Kazal1, Romana Jahan Moon1, Rakhi Chacrabati2, Chayon Goswami1*
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
2Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 18,
Issue - 7,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia have become strong threats to human health. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia increase the possibility of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Although a lot of drugs are available to treat these disorders, the majority of medications have been noted to cause negative impacts on human health. Therefore, researchers have given much attention to medicinal plants, which are safe with a low risk of side effects as well as a low cost of treatment. Gynura procumbens (GP) is one of the important medicinal plants which has been reported to have anti-hyperglycemic activity and numerous health-promoting effects on both animals and humans. This research aimed to examine whether the ethanolic extract from GP leaves impacts the balance of glucose and lipid levels in mice fed both a normal diet (ND) and a high-sugar diet (HSD). Four different dietary paradisms were tested over a period of four-weeks: normal diet (ND), normal diet supplemented with GP administration (150mg/Kg BW), a high-sugar diet (30% sucrose), and a high-sugar diet supplemented with GP administration. Furthermore, the study quantified food and water consumption, body weight, glucose tolerance, organ weights (liver, heart and kidney), as well as the mass of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), along with serum lipid levels. The findings revealed that treating mice with a 150mg/kg BW dosage of GP significantly attenuate the food intake, mitigated high-sugar diet induced weight gain, and improved glucose intolerance in those on a high-sugar diet compared to the control group. When treated with GP leaves extract, liver weight significantly decreased in HSD-fed group. Moreover, GP administration diminished the increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) caused by the high-sugar diet (HSD) but did not reverse the decrease in brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass. Furthermore, the GP treated group showed a decreasing trend in TC, TAG, LDL concentration whereas an upward trend of HDL levels was observed in both normal and HSD-fed mice group. Therfore, GP extract may exert its potential effects on blood glucose homeostasis and controlling weight gain, thus countering the onset of diabetes and obesity induced by a high-sugar diet (HSD).
Cite this article:
Most. Khadiza Khatun, Md. Kamrul Hasan Kazal, Romana Jahan Moon, Rakhi Chacrabati, Chayon Goswami. Gynura procumbens Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Dysregulation by Preserving Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in High Sugar Diet-fed Mice. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(7):3117-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00448
Cite(Electronic):
Most. Khadiza Khatun, Md. Kamrul Hasan Kazal, Romana Jahan Moon, Rakhi Chacrabati, Chayon Goswami. Gynura procumbens Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Dysregulation by Preserving Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in High Sugar Diet-fed Mice. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(7):3117-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00448 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-7-28
REFERENCES:
1. Nurdiantami Y. Watanabe K. Tanaka E. Pradono J. Anme T. Association of general and central obesity with hypertension. Clinical Nutrition. 2018; Aug 1; 37(4): 1259-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.012
2. Ortega FB. Lavie CJ. Blair SN. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research. 2016; May 27; 118(11): 1752-70. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306883
3. Wicklow B. Wittmeier K. t’Jong GW. McGavock J. Robert M. Duhamel T. Dolinsky VW. Proposed trial: safety and efficacy of resveratrol for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated insulin resistance in adolescents who are overweight or obese adolescents—rationale and protocol. Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 2015; 93(5): 522-530. https://doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2014-0136
4. Parati G. Lombardi C. Narkiewicz K. Sleep apnea: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relation to cardiovascular risk. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2007; Oct; 293(4): R1671-1683. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00400.2007
5. Baheerati MM. Devi RG. Obesity in relation to Infertility. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018; 11(7): 3183-3185. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00585.1
6. IDF (International Diabetes Federation) 2019. Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels. Belgium: International Diabetes Federation. https://www.diabetesatlas.org
7. Stanhope KL. Sugar consumption, metabolic disease and obesity: The state of the controversy. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 2016; Jan 2; 53(1): 52-67. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408363.2015.1084990
8. White JS. Foreyt JP. Melanson KJ. Angelopoulos TJ. High-fructose corn syrup: controversies and common sense. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2010; Nov; 4(6): 515-520. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827610378960
9. Barnard RJ. Roberts CK. Varon SM. Berger JJ. Diet-induced insulin resistance precedes other aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1998; 84(4): 1311-5. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.4.1311
10. Davis JN. Ventura EE. Weigensberg MJ. Ball GD. Cruz ML. Shaibi GQ. Goran MI. The relation of sugar intake to β cell function in overweight Latino children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2005; 82(5): 1004-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1004
11. Prinz P. The role of dietary sugars in health: molecular composition or just calories?. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019; Sep; 73(9): 1216-1223. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0407-z
12. Johnson RJ. Segal MS. Sautin Y. Nakagawa T. Feig DI. Kang DH. Gersch MS. Benner S. Sánchez-Lozada LG. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007 Oct 1;86(4):899-906. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.899
13. Sharma D. Prashar D. Saklani S. Bird's Eye View on Herbal Treatment of Diabetes. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2012; 2(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00585.1
14. Krishnan V. Ahmad S. Mahmood M. Antioxidant potential in different parts and callus of Gynura procumbens and different parts of Gynura bicolor. BioMed Research International. 2015 Oct; 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/147909
15. Perry LM. Metzger J. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. 1980. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0285831
16. Algariri K. Meng KY. et al. Hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic study of Gynura procumbens leaf extracts. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013; May 1; 3(5): 358-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60077-5
17. Maejima Y. Rita RS. Santoso P. Aoyama M. Hiraoka Y. Nishimori K. Gantulga D. Shimomura K. Yada T. Nasal oxytocin administration reduces food intake without affecting locomotor activity and glycemia with c-Fos induction in limited brain areas. Neuroendocrinology. 2015; Apr 1; 101(1): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1159/000371636
18. Hoff J. and Rlatg LV. Methods of Blood Collection in the Mouse: Lab Animal. 2000; 47-53. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73347183
19. Richmond W. Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clinical Chemistry. 1973; Dec 1; 19(12): 1350-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/19.12.1350
20. Cole TG. Klotzsch SG. Namara MC. Measurement of triglyceride concentration, in: Rifai N. Warnick G. Domiminiczak M. (Eds.), Handbook of Lipoprotein Testing. AACC Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1997; pp. 115–126. https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=444232
21. Henry RJ. Winkleman JW. Cannon DC. Clinical Chemistry-Principles and Technics, second ed. Harper and Row Publishers, NewYork. 1974. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2042285/pdf/amjpathol00242-0251.pdf
22. Friedewald WT. Levy RI. Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry. 1972; 18(6): 499-502. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499
23. Oloruntola OD. Ayodele SO. Oloruntola DA. Effect of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meal and dietary enzymes on broiler performance, digestibility, carcass and blood composition. Revue d’élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux. 2018 Oct 23;71(3):121-129. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31640.
24. Santoso P. Maejima Y. Kumamoto K. Takenoshita S. Shimomura K. Central action of ELABELA reduces food intake and activates arginine vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Neuroreport. 2015 Sep 30; 26(14):820-826. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000000431
25. Benton D. Young HA. Reducing calorie intake may not help you lose body weight. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2017; 12(5): 703-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617690878
26. Torres-Villalobos G. Hamdan-Pérez N. Tovar AR. Ordaz-Nava G et al Combined high-fat diet and sustained high sucrose consumption promotes NAFLD in a murine model. Annals of Hepatology. 2015; Jul 15; 14(4): 540-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31176-7
27. Mohammed SM. Abd-Almonuim AE. Majeed A. Khlaf H. The Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemia effect of Citrus maxima Fruit Peel extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(10): 5355-8. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00934
28. Vellers HL. Letsinger AC. Lightfoot JT. High fat high sugar diet reduces voluntary wheel running in mice independent of sex hormone involvement. Frontiers in Physiology. 2017 Aug 25;8:288803. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00628
29. Hassan Z. Yam MF. Ahmad M. Yusof AP. Antidiabetic properties and mechanism of action of Gynura procumbens water extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Molecules. 2010 Dec 8;15(12): 9008-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15129008
30. Franklin JL. Mirzaei M. Wearne TA. Sauer MK. Homewood J. Goodchild AK. Haynes PA. Cornish JL. Quantitative shotgun proteomics reveals extensive changes to the proteome of the orbitofrontal cortex in rats that are hyperactive following withdrawal from a high sugar diet. Proteomics. 2016; 16(4): 657-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201500126
31. Fried SK. Rao SP. Sugars, hypertriglyceridemia, and cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 78(4): 873S-80S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.4.873S
32. Oliveira DT. Fernandes ID. Sousa GG. Santos TA. Paiva NC. Carneiro CM. Evangelista EA. Barboza NR. Guerra-Sá R. High-sugar diet leads to obesity and metabolic diseases in ad libitum-fed rats irrespective of caloric intake. Archives of Endocrinology and metabolism. 2020; Mar 13; 64: 71-81. https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000199
33. Nalla S. Goli V. Sabat M. Komati S. Begam MD. Kokkirala VR. Salubrious Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia auriculata Linn., in Streptazotocin-Nicotinamide induced Diabetes in Rat Model. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2012; 2(3): 104-6. https://ajptonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2012-2-3-6
34. Beula SJ. Suthakaran R. Viswaja M. Shankar CH. Lakshmi GS. Anti-diabetic effect of Gymnema sylvestre an alloxan-induced diabetic in male albino Wistar rats. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 13(1): 34-40. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5713.2023.00007
35. Patil PM, Chaudhari PD, Duragkar NJ, Katolkar PP. Formulation and Evaluation its Anti-diabetic Activity of Liquid Oral Preparation of Gymnema sylvestre and Stevia rebaudiana and their Combination in Alloxan Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2010;3(4):1200-4.https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2010-3-4-155
36. Meng S. Cao J. Feng Q. Peng J. Hu Y. Roles of chlorogenic acid on regulating glucose and lipids metabolism: a review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM. 2013;2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/801457
37. Liang XC. Meng W. Zhong YL. Huang L. He WY. Wang Z. Effects of chlorogenic acid on mouse insulin resistance development induced by high fat emulsion. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin. 2013; 29(5): 654-658. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001 1978.2013.05.014.
38. Min HK. Kapoor A. Fuchs M. Mirshahi F. Zhou H. Maher J. Kellum J. Warnick R. Contos MJ. Sanyal AJ. Increased hepatic synthesis and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is associated with the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metabolism. 2012; May 2; 15(5): 665-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.004
39. Gururaja GM. Mundkinajeddu D. Kumar AS. Dethe SM. Allan JJ. Agarwal A. Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering activity of standardized extract of Mangifera indica in albino Wistar rats. Pharmacognosy Research. 2017; 9(1): 21. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.199770
40. Wibowo AT. Zubaidah U. Savitri AD. Faukib MS. Salsabila NS. Manuhara YS. Biological properties of Gynura procumbens leaves extract to MDA levels and antioxidant activities in liver of mice. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(12): 5829-34. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00984
41. Barrett JS. Whytock KL. Strauss JA. Wagenmakers AJ. Shepherd SO. High intramuscular triglyceride turnover rates and the link to insulin sensitivity: Influence of obesity, type 2 diabetes and physical activity. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2022; 47(4): 343-56. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2021-0631
42. Velickovic KD. Ukropina MM. Glisic RM. Cakic-Milosevic MM. Effects of long-term sucrose overfeeding on rat brown adipose tissue: a structural and immunohistochemical study. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2018; May 1; 221(9): jeb166538. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.166538
43. Manjula B. Hunasagi R. Shivalinge GK. Anti-Obesity Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Seeds In Experimental Animals. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2011; 3(6): 318-28. https://rjppd.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2011-3-6-18
44. Tiwari P. Patel RK. Eashwari TS. Evaluation of cardioprotective potential of drakshasava in induced diabetic condition. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2013; 5(2): 87-93. https://rjpponline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2013-5-2-7
45. Tiwari P. Antidiabetic potential of amritarishta prepared by traditional and modern methods in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2014; 6(3): 129-34. https://rjppd.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2014-6-3-13
46. Zhang XF. Tan BK. Effects of an ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens on serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Singapore medical journal. 2000; Jan 1; 41(1): 9-13. https://europepmc.org/article/med/10783673
47. Mou KM. Dash PR. A comprehensive review on Gynura procumbens leaves. International Journal of Pharmacology. 2016; 3: 167-174. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232
48. Afonso MS. de O Silva AM. Carvalho EB. Rivelli DP. Barros SB. Rogero MM. Lottenberg AM. Torres RP. Mancini-Filho J. Phenolic compounds from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) attenuate oxidative stress and reduce blood cholesterol concentrations in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutrition and Metabolism. 2013; 10: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-707