The Association of Salivary Cytokines and Oral Health in patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Nadiya Nurul; Lisa Rinanda Amir; Endang Winiati Bachtiar

doi:10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00268

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

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0974-360X (Online)
0974-3618 (Print)

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The Association of Salivary Cytokines and Oral Health in patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Nadiya Nurul, Lisa Rinanda Amir, Endang Winiati Bachtiar

Email(s): endang04@ui.ac.id , nadiya.nurul31@ui.ac.id

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00268

Address: Nadiya Nurul1, Lisa Rinanda Amir2, Endang Winiati Bachtiar2*
1Magister Program of Basic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
2Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author

Published In: Volume - 18, Issue - 4, Year - 2025

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ABSTRACT:
(1) Backrgound: Saliva is a complex biofluid secreted by the salivary glands and contains many biomolecules, such as cells, DNA, RNA, large number of proteins, hormones, metabolites and microorganisms. This systematic review aimed to identify and assess the association of salivary cytokines and oral health in patients with metabolic diseases. (2) Methods: Four databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Embase) were searched for articles published from 2013 to 2023, and the search process was conducted on October 9th, 2023. The studies included were the original articles of observational medical studies published in English that reported the association of salivary cytokines in patients with oral diseases and systemic diseases focusing on metabolic syndrome (diabetes mellitus and obesity). Those excluded were in vivo and in vitro studies, and no abstract was presented. The risk of bias in selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. (3) Results: Eight original articles with 481 subjects were included in the systematic review, with IL-17 being the most studied. Some of the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-17A, IL-4, IL-13, IL-12, IL-2, IL-10, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-4, hs-CRP, vaspin, TNF-a, IL-7, MCP-4, hs-CRP, IL-6, and MIP-1ß were higher among metabolic syndrome patients with oral diseases when compared to healthy controls. Moreover, the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines like Del-1 and IFN? were higher in healthy controls than in patients with metabolic syndrome and oral diseases. (4) Conclusion: The salivary cytokines of MCP-4, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-8, IL-7, and MIP-1ß were affected by metabolic syndrome and oral diseases such as periodontitis and caries, which shows that metabolic diseases change some of the salivary cytokine profiles related to oral diseases. Metabolic diseases impact the profile of salivary cytokines through a combination of immunological dysregulation, systemic inflammation, tissue-to-tissue communication, adipose tissue malfunction, and oral health factors.

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Cite this article:
Nadiya Nurul, Lisa Rinanda Amir, Endang Winiati Bachtiar. The Association of Salivary Cytokines and Oral Health in patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(4):1879-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00268

Cite(Electronic):
Nadiya Nurul, Lisa Rinanda Amir, Endang Winiati Bachtiar. The Association of Salivary Cytokines and Oral Health in patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(4):1879-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00268 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-4-59

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