Author(s):
Deepika Sharma, Deepak Kumar, Shweta Sehrawat, Dinesh Kumar, Sumit Kumar
Email(s):
drsumitkumar@cuh.ac.in
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00267 
Address:
Deepika Sharma1, Deepak Kumar2, Shweta Sehrawat3, Dinesh Kumar4, Sumit Kumar5*
1Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh – 123031, Haryana, India.
2Research Scholar, Raffles University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japanese Zone, NH 8, Neemrana, Rajasthan – 301020.
3Associate Professor, Geeta Institute of Pharmacy, Geeta University, Panipat - 132145, Haryana, India.
4Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab - 147301, India.
5Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh – 123031, Haryana, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 18,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
Because of solubility issues, improving the bioavailability of drugs administered orally in solid medicament continue to be an obstacle for scientists dealing with the formulation design. A solid dosage form's absorption of somewhat insoluble medications may be slowed down by their rate of disintegration. Therefore, scientists have a problem in improving the solubility aspects of the poorly soluble drugs utilizing solid dispersion approach. Solid dispersion methods have generated a lot of attention because they can speed up the dissolution aspects of the highly lipophilic medications and comparatively increase the bioavailability by lowering particle size of drug, enhancing wettability and creating amorphous particles. A class of solid products with at least two separate ingredients, often a hydrophobic medication or a hydrophilic inert carrier, are referred to as solid dispersions. Standard formulations like tablets or capsules can be replaced with solid dispersion made utilizing a number of processes, and it offers numerous benefits over them. This review summarizes and aims to give an insight about BCS classification, types of solid dispersion, their mechanism for solubility enhancement, carriers employed, methods of solid dispersion preparation, advantages, limitations, characterization and research work related to solid dispersions.
Cite this article:
Deepika Sharma, Deepak Kumar, Shweta Sehrawat, Dinesh Kumar, Sumit Kumar. Various Aspects of Solid Dispersion Technology: A Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(4):1872-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00267
Cite(Electronic):
Deepika Sharma, Deepak Kumar, Shweta Sehrawat, Dinesh Kumar, Sumit Kumar. Various Aspects of Solid Dispersion Technology: A Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(4):1872-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00267 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-4-58
REFERENCES:
1. Ainurofiq A, Putro DS, Aqila D. A Review on Solubility Enhancement Methods for Poorly Water-soluble Drugs. Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021; May; 10:137-47. Doi: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_134_19
2. Sharma PK, Shukla S. A Review on Solubility Enhancement Techniques. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020; Aug; 19(1): 312-328.
3. Jindal K. Review on solubility: a mandatory tool for pharmaceuticals. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2017; Nov; 8(11): 11-15. Doi: 10.7897/2230-8407.0811210
4. Jagtap S et al. Solubility enhancement technique: a review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2018; 10(9): 2205-11.
5. Albetawi S, Abdalhafez A, Abu-Zaid A. Recent solubility and dissolution enhancement techniques for repaglinide a BCS class II drug: a review. Pharmacia. 2021; Apr; 68(3): 573–583. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e66586
6. Rajeswari S et al. Solid dispersions: an evergreen solubility enhancement technique for hydrophobic drugs. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 2016; 8(4): 1218-1228.
7. Argade PS, Magar DD, Saudagar RB. Solid dispersion: solubility enhancement technique for poorly water soluble drugs. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research. 2013; 3(4): 427-439.
8. Saffoon N et al. Enhancement of oral bioavailability and solid dispersions: a review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2011; 1(7): 13-20.
9. Bharti VP et al. Strategies to enhance solubility and dissolution of a poorly water soluble drug Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Sciences. 2015; 2(4) 482-494.
10. Yadav B, Tanwar YS. Applications of solid dispersions. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 7(2): 965-978.
11. Ramesh V et al. Enhancement of solubility for poorly water soluble drugs by using solid dispersion technology. International Journal of Pharma and Chemical Research. 2016; Apr; (2): 47-74.
12. Balashaeb P, Balaji T, Avinash B. Solid dispersions: an overview on solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2014; 5(3): P7-P25.
13. Patel PK. Solid dispersions as a formulation strategy: a mini review. International Journal of Chemical and Life Sciences. 2017; Dec; 6(6): 2039-2045. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijcls.2017.6.1
14. Vo CL, Park C, Lee BJ. Current trends and future perspectives of solid dispersions containing poorly water soluble drugs. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2013; 85: 799-813. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.007
15. Shahi SR et al. A review on formulation aspects of solid dispersions. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2017; 4(12): 148-60.
16. Singh N, Sarangi MK. Solid dispersion-a novel approach for enhancement of bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs in oral drug delivery system. Global Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; Jul; 3(2): 1-8. doi: 10.19080/GJPPS.2017.03.555608
17. Tekade AR, Yadav JN. A Review on Solid Dispersion and Carriers Used Therein for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2020; Jul; 10(3): 359-369. Doi: 10.19080/GJPPS.2017.03.555608
18. Shi Q et al. Amorphous solid dispersions: role of the polymer and its importance in physical stability and in vitro performance. Pharmaceutics. 2022; Aug; 14(1747): 1-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fpharmaceutics14081747
19. Sarkate G, Sarode A, Selmokar O. A Review on Solid Dispersion: A Technology for improving bioavailability. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. 2022; Jul; 7(4): 1020-1030. Doi: 10.35629/7781-070410201030
20. Saboo S et al. Congruent release of drug and polymer: A “sweet spot” in the dissolution of amorphous solid dispersions. Journal of Controlled Release. 2019 Jan; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.039.
21. Srawan Kumar GY, Naveen G, Babu JA. A review on solid dispersion and its applications. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2019 Mar; 8(4): 340-354. Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20194-14328
22. Sharma A, Chaudhary A, Singh B. A Review on Solubility Enhancement by Solid Dispersion Technique. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021; Dec; 33(63A): 77-87. Doi: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i63A35217
23. Jainsinghani H. Review on “solid dispersion – novel approach for enhancement of solubility of poorly soluble drugs”. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2022; 8(1): 124-128.
24. Singh N, Sarangi MK. Solid Dispersion - a Novel Approach for Enhancement of Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs in Oral Drug Delivery System. Global journal of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical Science. 2017; Jul; 3(2): 001-008. Doi: 10.19080/GJPPS.2017.03.555608
25. Pasarkar N, Waghmare S, Kamble H. Solid dispersion – A review. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals. 2022 Oct; 5(7): 70-75.
26. Marotrao DP, Wakade RB. Solid dispersion – a review based on solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022; Apr; 11(5): 912-929. Doi: 10.20959/wjpps20225-22000.
27. Tran P et al. Overview of the Manufacturing Methods of Solid Dispersion Technology for Improving the Solubility of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs and Application to Anticancer Drugs. Pharmaceutics. 2019; Mar; 11(132): 1-26. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fpharmaceutics11030132
28. Kumar A, Kumar K. Solid dispersion – strategy to enhance solubility and dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs. Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017; Nov; 2(5): 50-54. Doi: http://doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v2i5.RW4
29. Attia MS et al. Solid Dispersion as a Technical Solution to Boost the Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2021; May; 55(2): S327-S339. Doi: 10.5530/ijper.55.2s.103
30. Greeshima C et al. Solid dispersion strategy to enhance solubility. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021 Jan; 08(1): 1812-1824. Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4446488
31. Bansal M et al. Solid dispersion and its types a short review. International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research. 2021; Nov; 9(4): 661-665.
32. Malkawi R et al. Current trends on solid dispersions: Past, Present and Future. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022; Oct; 1-17. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2022%2F5916013
33. Huang BB et al.Application of solid dispersion technique to improve solubility and sustain release of emamectin benzoate. Molecules. 2019 Nov; 24:4315. doi:10.390/molecules24234315.
34. Alwossabi AM et al. Solubility enhancement of some poorly soluble drugs by solid dispersion using Ziziphus spina-christi gum polymer. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2022 Apr; 30:711–25. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.04.002.
35. Leyva-Porras C et al. Application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) in Food and Drug Industries. Polymers. 2019 Dec; 12:5. doi:10.3390/polym12010005.
36. Ling H et al. Solving inorganic crystal structures from X-ray powder diffraction using a generative first-principles framework. Computational Material Science. 2022 Nov; 214:111687. doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2022.111687.
37. Maveyraud L, Mourey L. Protein X-ray crystallography and drug discovery. Molecules. 2020 Feb; 25:1030. doi:10.3390/molecules25051030.
38. Rodríguez I, Gautam R, Tinoco AD. Using X-ray diffraction techniques for biomimetic drug development, formulation, and polymorphic characterization. Biomimetics. 2020 Dec; 6:1. doi:10.3390/biomimetics6010001.
39. S’ari M et al. Characterization of amorphous solid dispersions and identification of low levels of crystallinity by transmission electron microscopy. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2021 Apr; 18:1905–19. doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00918.
40. Du Y, Su Y. 19F solid-state NMR characterization of Pharmaceutical Solids. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 2022 Aug; 120:101796. doi:10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101796.
41. Zloh M. NMR spectroscopy in drug discovery and development: Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Properties. ADMET DMPK. 2019 Dec; 7:242–51. doi:10.5599/admet.737.
42. Bhokare SS et al. Applications of FTIR Spectroscopy: Review. International Journal of Scientific Development and Research. 2022 Aug; 7(8): 213-219.
43. Li J et al. Preparation of Azithromycin Amorphous Solid Dispersion by Hot-Melt Extrusion: An Advantageous Technology with Taste Masking and Solubilization Effects. Polymers. 2022 Jan; 14: 1-15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030495
44. Wang H et al. Enhancement of bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhetinic acid via novel soluplus -a glycyrrhetinic acid solid dispersion. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Aug; 14: 1-21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fpharmaceutics14091797
45. Alwossabi AM et al. Solubility enhancement of some poorly soluble drugs by solid dispersion using Ziziphus spina-christi gum polymer. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2022 Jun; 30:711–25. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.04.002.
46. Fouad AS et al. Preparation of solid dispersion systems for enhanced dissolution of poorly water soluble diacerein: in vitro evaluation, optimization and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. PloS One. 2021; Jan; 16(1): 1-26. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245482
47. Li Y et al. Ellagic acid solid dispersion: characterization and bioactivity in the hydroxyl radical oxidation system. International Food Research Journal. 2021; Apr; 142: 1-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110184
48. Giri BR et al. Hot-melt extruded amorphous solid dispersion for solubility, stability, and bioavailability enhancement of telmisartan. Pharmaceuticals. 2021 Jan; 14(73): 1-18. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fph14010073
49. Wilson VR et al. Amorphous solid dispersions of enzalutamide and novel polysaccharides derivatives: investigation of relationships between polymer structure and performance. Scientific Reports. 2020; Oct; 10: 1-12. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75077-7
50. Kim SJ et al. A novel composition of ticagrelor by solid dispersion technique for increasing solubility and intestinal permeability. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2019; 555: 11-18. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.038
51. Huang BB et al. Application of solid dispersion technique to improve solubility and sustain release of emamectin benzoate. Molecules. 2019; Nov; 24:4315. doi:10.3390/molecules24234315.
52. Školáková T et al. Investigation of dissolution mechanism and release kinetics of poorly water-soluble tadalafil from amorphous solid dispersions prepared by various methods. Pharmaceutics. 2019 Aug; 11:383. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics11080383.
53. Raj AL, Kumar YS. Preparation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersion of Nebivolol Using Solvent Evaporation Method. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research. 2018; Jul; 10(4): 322-328. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2018.100418
54. Song H et al. Mesoporous pravastatin solid dispersion granules incorporable into orally disintegrating tablets. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018; Jul; 107:1886–95. doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.003.
55. Kaur S et al. Freeze dried solid dispersion of exemestane: a way to negate an aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability problems. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; Sep; 107: 54-61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.032
56. Adeli E. The use of spray freeze drying for dissolution and oral bioavailability improvement of Azithromycin. Powder Technology. 2017; Sep; 319: 323-331. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.043
57. Volkova TV, Perlovich GL, Terekhova IV. Enhancement of dissolution behavior of antiarthritic drug leflunomide using solid dispersion methods. Thermochimca Acta. 2017.
58. Pinho LAG L et al. Improvements of theobromine pharmaceutical properties using solid dispersions prepared with newfound technologies. Chemical Engineering Research Design. 2017; Apr; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2017.10.019
59. Albadarin AB et al. Development of stability-enhanced ternary solid dispersions via combinations of HPMCP and Soluplus® processed by hot melt extrusion. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2017
60. Santos KM et al. Development of solid dispersions of β-lapachone in PEG and PVP by solvent evaporation method. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2017; May; 44(5): 750-756. Doi: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1411942
61. Park JH et al. Comparison of a revaprazan loaded solid dispersion, solid SNEDDS and inclusion compound: physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2017.