Author(s):
Anna Pradiningsih, Yek M Hasan, Baiq Leny Nopitasari, Wirawan Adikusuma
Email(s):
annapradiningsih@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00229 
Address:
Anna Pradiningsih1*, Yek M Hasan1, Baiq Leny Nopitasari1, Wirawan Adikusuma1,2
1Department of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
2Research Center for Computing, Research Organization for Electronics and Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 18,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or when the body is unable to effectively use insulin. Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) typically begins with oral antidiabetic drugs and the use of combination therapy if blood sugar levels do not decrease. Multiple therapies can potentially lead to Drug Related Problems (DRPs) that affect the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. This study aims to identify DRPs in the Inpatient Department of the Regional General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The research used a descriptive observational design, with purposive sampling technique. The required sample size was 88 T2DM patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research study was retrospective, based on medical records from January to December 2022. The criteria for DRPs refer to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) V9.01, processed using Microsoft Excel 2019 software to obtain the percentage of DRPs occurrences. The results showed that out of 88 patients, 61% experienced DRPs with a total of 81 occurrences. The categories of DRPs that occurred, in descending order, were drug interactions (51.9%), drugs without indication (38.3%), untreated indications (7.4%), overdose (1.2%), and incorrect drug, strength, or dosage (1.2%).
Cite this article:
Anna Pradiningsih, Yek M Hasan, Baiq Leny Nopitasari, Wirawan Adikusuma. Potential Occurrence of Drug related problems (DRPs) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(4):1597-3. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00229
Cite(Electronic):
Anna Pradiningsih, Yek M Hasan, Baiq Leny Nopitasari, Wirawan Adikusuma. Potential Occurrence of Drug related problems (DRPs) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(4):1597-3. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00229 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-4-20
REFERENCES:
1. Suastika K, Eliana F, Kshanti IAM, Mardianto M, Mudjarnako SW, Natalia N, et al. Expert Opinion on Diabetes Management Challenges and Role of Basal Insulin/GLP-1 RA Fixed-Ratio Combination in People with Type 2 Diabetes from Indonesia. Diabetes, Metab. Syndr. Obes. 2022; 15: 2977–90. DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S367153
2. Lolok N, Eherpianti, Sahidin I, Sumiwi A, Muhtadi A. Antidiabetes effect of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) on mice with Oral Glucose Tolerance Method and Streptozotocin Induction Method. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 2021; 14: 2067–1. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00883
3. Rosmalena R, Senlia AO, Hanafi M, Artanti N, Eldafira E, Handayani SI, et al. Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic properties of Senna alexandrina Leaf Extract. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 2022; 15: 5853–0. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00985
4. Webber S. International Diabetes Federation. 2013. https://idf.org/about-diabetes/diabetes-facts-figures/.
5. Riskesdas NTB. RISKESDAS NTB 2018 Report. 2018. Available from: https://layanandata.kemkes.go.id/katalog-data/riskesdas/ketersediaan-data/riskesdas-2018
6. Maimanah S, Andarini YD, Kusumaningtyas NM. Identification of Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Hypertension at RSUP Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten in 2018. Pharm. J. Islam. Pharm. 2020; 4: 48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21111/pharmasipha.v4i2.4961
7. Lincy S, Greeshma M, Maheswari E, Tharanath S, Viswam S. An Empirical Study to assess the Pattern and Predictors of Adverse Drug Reactions associated with Polypharmacy in the Department of General Medicine. Res. J. Pharm. Tech. 2018; 11: 5042–8. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00919.8
8. Pandeya SN, Kumar R, Kumar A, Pathak AK. Antidiabetics Review on Natural Products. Res. J. Pharm. Tech. 2010; 3: 300–18. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2010-3-2-12
9. Shareef J, Rao PG, Al-Bonni IMA, Khudhaier R. Assessment of Drug related problems Encountered in Patients with Psychiatric disorders in a Secondary Care Hospital. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 2021; 14: 6089–4. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.01058
10. Malik I. Identification of DRPs (Drug-Related Problems) in Inpatient Geriatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Aisyiyah General Hospital Ponorogo in 2019. Progr. Stud. Magister Farm. Sekol. Pascasarj. Univ. Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020 2020. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/345244179.pdf
11. Rosita R, Kusumaningtiar DA, Irfandi A, Ayu IM, Studi P, Masyarakat K, et al. Physical Activity of Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Balaraja Community Health Center, Tangerang Regency. 2022; 10: 364–71. DOI : 10.14710/jkm.v10i3.33186
12. Lubis IKS. Analysis of Length of Stay (LOS) Based on Predictive Factors in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. J. Kesehat. Vokasional [Internet] 2017; 2: 161–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.30330
13. Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Association (PCNE). PCNE Classification for Drug-Related Problems V9.1. PCNE Assoc. [Internet] 2020; 1: 22–8. Available from: https://www.pcne.org/upload/files/417_PCNE_classification_V9-1_final.pdf
14. Nazilah K, Rachmawati E, Subagijo PB. Identification of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Therapy in Hospitalized Patients. e-Journal Pustaka Kesehat. 2018; 5: 413–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/pk.v5i3.5891
15. Rumpuin CB. Analysis of Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) in Inpatient Patients with a Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at 'X' Hospital in Sidoarjo. J. Ilm. Mhs. Univ. Surabaya. 2013; 2: 1–11. Available from: https://journal.ubaya.ac.id/index.php/jimus/article/view/601
16. Swapna G, Pravallika B, Poojitha J. A Review on Drug-drug interaction studies on Amiodarone and Levofloxacin. Res. J. Pharmacol. Pharmacodyn. 2019; 11: 147–52. DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2019.00026.0
17. Hosen SMZ, Saha D, Khanam UH, Barua S, Rashid M, Khan MAU, et al. Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interaction in a Patient Drugs Profile with Multiple Complicacy and Patient Management. Res. J. Pharm. Tech. 2012; 5: 813–6. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2012-5-6-10
18. Jose C, Antony M, Kumar JG. Conceptual and Practical Update on Drug-Drug Interactions. Res. J. Pharm. Tech. 2016; 9: 60–8. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00011.1
19. Wisher D. Stockley’s Drug Interactions. 9th ed and Stockley’s Drug Interactions 2010 Pocket Companion. J. Med. Libr. Assoc. 2011; 99: 174–5. DOI: 10.3163/1536-5050.99.2.016
20. Hartiwan M, Alifiar I, Fatwa MN. Study of Potential Antihypertensive Drug Interactions in Inpatient Hypertension Patients at RSUD Dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya City from April to May 2017. J. Farm. Sains dan Prakt. 2018; 4: 20–5. https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v4i2.2316
21. Farida Y, Putri VW, Hanafi M, Herdianti NS. Patient Profile and Antibiotic Use in Cases of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Inpatients at the Academic Hospital in Sukoharjo Region. JPSCR J. Pharm. Sci. Clin. Res. 2020; 5: 151. Available from: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jpscr/article/view/39763
22. Reyaan IBM, Kuning C, Adnyana IK. Study of Potential Drug Interactions in Polypharmacy Prescriptions at Two Pharmacies in Bandung City. J. Manaj. dan Pelayanan Farm. 2021; 11: 145. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.56931
23. Shivhare U, Darakh V, Mathur V, Bhusari K, Godbole M. Preparation and Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Microcapsules. Res. J. Pharm. Tech. 2009; 2: 559–62. https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2009-2-3-75
24. Nizami SA, Ahmed VA, Marihal S. Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Analysis of Glimiperide, Metformin and Piogilitazone HCl in Combined Dosage Form. Res. J. Pharm. Tech. 2010; 3: 518–21. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Pharmacy%20and%20Technology;PID=2010-3-2-35
25. Hayati B, Ariyani H, Ruslinawati. Potential Drug Interactions in Prescriptions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Pharmacy X. J. Curr. Pharm. Sci. 2020; 3: 249–55. Available from: https://journal.umbjm.ac.id/index.php/jcps/article/view/541
26. Ahmad S, Ali S, Alam I, Alam S, Alam N, Ali M. Drug Interactions of OTC Analgesics-Aspirin: A Review. Res. J. Pharm. Tech. 2015; 8: 580–6. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00097.9
27. Timur WW, Ussa RE, Widyaningrum N. Study of Drug-Disease Interactions on Glycemic Profile in Inpatient Diabetes Patients at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. Pharmacon J. Farm. Indones. 2022; 19: 221–7. Available from: https://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/pharmacon/article/view/18583