Author(s):
Ni Nyoman Yuliani, Siswandono, Tristiana Erawati, Jefrin Sambara, Maria Lenggu
Email(s):
tristiana-e-m@ff.unair.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00034 
Address:
Ni Nyoman Yuliani1,3, Siswandono2, Tristiana Erawati2*, Jefrin Sambara3, Maria Lenggu3
1Doctoral Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Indonesia.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Indonesia.
3Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health in Kupang, Kupang, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 18,
Issue - 1,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
A popular decorative plant, bougainvillea is planted in tropical and subtropical gardens almost everywhere on the globe. This study aims to determine the total phenol and flavonoid levels of Bractea extracts Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd and its antioxidant activity. The extraction of 1 kg of bougainvillea Bracteas produces ethanol extract (30.56g), chloroform (6.52g), ethyl acetate (6.1g), n-butanol (3.21g) and water (4.65g). Phytochemical screening showed that the extracts and fractions were positive for flavonoids in the ethanol extract and water fraction and also positive for containing polyphenols in the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction. The ethanol extract has a total phenol content of 5.3%, and a flavonoid content of 1.02%, respectively. Antioxidant activity in the ethanol extract, fraction n- Hexane, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction is measured using the DPPH method and expressed by IC values50 respectively, 33.40; 120.81; 40.40; 43.00ppm. It can be concluded that bougainvillea bracts are high in phenolics and flavonoids, they may be a useful source of antioxidants for the treatment of many conditions.
Cite this article:
Ni Nyoman Yuliani, Siswandono, Tristiana Erawati, Jefrin Sambara, Maria Lenggu. Determination of Total Flavonoid and Total Phenol content of Bugenvil Bracteas (Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd) and its Activity as an Antioxidant. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(1):221-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00034
Cite(Electronic):
Ni Nyoman Yuliani, Siswandono, Tristiana Erawati, Jefrin Sambara, Maria Lenggu. Determination of Total Flavonoid and Total Phenol content of Bugenvil Bracteas (Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd) and its Activity as an Antioxidant. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(1):221-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00034 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-1-34
REFERENCE:
1. Listyo AB, Kusrini D, Fachriyah E. Isolation of Phenolic Acid Compounds and Antioxidant Tests from Mindi Leaves (Melia Azedarach L.). Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi. 2018; 21(4): 198-204. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.4.198-204
2. Hany Anastasia, M., Rahayu Santi, S., and Manurung, M. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Flavonoid Pada Kulit Batang Tumbuhan Gayam (Inocarpusfagiferus Fosb.).2016 Jurnal Kimia, 15–22. https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2016.v10.i01.p03
3. Sudipta KM, Lokesh P, Rashmi W, Vijay R, Ssn K. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis flower extracts. International Journal of Phytomedicine. 2012; Jul 1; 4(3): 375.
4. Venkatachalam, R. N., Singh, K., and Marar, T. Bougainvillea spectabilis, a good source of antioxidant phytochemicals. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2012; 3(3): 605–613.
5. Xu DP, Li Y, Meng X, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Zhang JJ, Li HB. Natural antioxidants in foods and medicinal plants: Extraction, assessment and resources. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(1): 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010096
6. Pietta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. Journal of Natural Products. 2000;; 63(7): 1035-42. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9904509
7. Nugroho PD, Ismail F, Relita H. Potential Antibacterial Of Leaves And Flowers Bougenvillea (Bougenvilea Glabra). SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan. 2017; 8(1): 36-41. https://doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2017.6
8. Markandan S, Abdullah A, Musa KH, Subramaniam V, Stockham K. Determination of antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavanoid contents in Bougainvillea glabra bracts at various methanol concentrations. InAIP Conference Proceedings 2016; Nov. 17 (Vol. 1784, No. 1). AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4966776
9. Diaz P, Jeong SC, Lee S, Khoo C, Koyyalamudi SR. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants and fungi containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Chinese Medicine. 2012; 7: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-7-26
10. Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen HM, Chern JC. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2002; 10(3). https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2748
11. Ibrahim MK, Khalid M. Optimization extraction of Bougainvillea Glabra Violet Bracts Pigment. Journal of Duhok University. 2019; 22(2): 206-17. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2019.22.2.20
12. Setyowati WA, Damayanti DR. Pengaruh Metode EkstraksiTerhadapAktivitasAntioksidan Kulit Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) Varietas Petruk. InProsiding SNPS (Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sains) 2014; Dec 18 (Vol. 1).
13. Harborne JB. Methods of plant analysis. InPhytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis 1984 (1-36). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5921-7_1
14. Ukieyanna E. Aktivitas Antioksidan, Kadar Fenolik, dan Flavonoid Tumbuhan Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth).2012
15. Sari M, Ulfa RN, Marpaung MP. Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Daun Papasan (Coccinia grandis L.) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Pelarut Polar. KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia. 2021; 7(1): 30-41. https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i1.15437
16. Kusuma, P. Determination of Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Power from Ethanol Extract of Bitter Gourd Fruit (Momordica charantia L). Repository of UIN Alauddin Makassar, 1–26. 2016.
17. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958; 181(4617): 1199-200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
18. Tiwari P, Patel RK. Estimation of total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant potential of Ashwagandharishta prepared by traditional and modern methods. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2013; 3(4): 147-52.
19. Tiwari P. Phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant potential of balarishta prepared by traditional and modern methods. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2014; 4(1): 5-10.
20. Krishna KV, Karuppuraj V, Perumal K. Antioxidant activity and Folic acid content in indigenous isolates of Ganoderma lucidum. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2016; 6(4): 213-5.
21. Rangasamy P, Hansiya VS, Maheswari PU, Suman T, Geetha N. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anti-urolithiatic potential of various fractions of Clitoriaternatea L. Blue flowered leaves. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2019; 9(2): 67-76. https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5675.2019.00014.0
22. Muthukumaran P, Shanmuganathan P, Malathi C. In vitro antioxidant evaluation of Mimosa pudica. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2011; 1(2): 44-6.
23. Sameer SJ, Vijay RS, Chandrakant SM. Daily consumption of antioxidants:-prevention of disease is better than cure. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2013; 3(1): 34-40.
24. Valli G, Jeyalakshmi M. Preliminary phytochemical and antioxidant study of Odina woodier leaf extract. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2012; 2(4): 153-5.
25. Mutingatun S, Fachriyah E, Kusrini D. Isolation, Identification, and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds in the Ethanol Extract in Bandotan Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides). Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi. 2022; 25(12): 456-66. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.12.456-466
26. Agustriana E, Valentino HA, Rahmani N, Nuryati N, Firmanto H, Rachmayati R, Yulianti SE, Nuryana I, Yopi Y, Lisdiyanti P. Fermentation Effect of Cacao Beans Originate from Jember on Polyphenol-Flavonoid Content and Radical Scavenging Activity. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia.; 19(1): 23-31. https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.60831.23-31
27. Tenda PE, Hilaria M, Wijaya H. Antioxidant activities and quality test of instant faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br.) From East Nusa Tenggara with added ginger (Zingibera officinale Roch). International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research. 2019; Oct 31: 15-20.
a. https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2019v02i04.003
28. Shrestha SL, Awale S, Kalauni SK. In–vitro Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract of the Roots of Bergenia ciliata. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research. 2018; Oct 15: 31-4. https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2018v01i04.004
29. Kaushik D, Kumar M, Proestos C, Oz F, Gupta P, Kumar A, Kundu P, Kaur J, Anjali A, Xiang J. A narrative review on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. and its various applications. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2023; Mar 28: 100570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100570