ABSTRACT:
In modern production conditions, industrial aerosols are still among the most common harmful occupational factors that determine the increased risk of developing occupational respiratory diseases among workers at industrial enterprises. The dust respiratory diseases are significantly common among workers in the mining and coal industries of Kazakhstan. In recent years, there has been a clear increase in the incidence of chronic dust bronchitis. The particular attention should be paid to such types of metal dust as dust of beryllium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt and their compounds, under the influence of which not only peculiar damage to the lungs are observed, but also pronounced changes in other organs and systems. Dust of these metals, according to numerous authors, has a general toxic and toxic-allergic effect. An urgent problem of modern occupational medicine is the study of the role of exogenous and endogenous factors in the development of occupational pathology of the bronchopulmonary system. To identify groups at increased risk of developing dust pathology of the bronchopulmonary system, it is necessary to comprehensively study clinical and genetic factors, as well as determine the most significant diagnostic markers for the development of this pathology. An important advantage of inhaled anticholinergic drugs is the minimal frequency and severity of adverse events.The broncholytic effect is expressed in the form of inhibition of phosphodiesterase isoforms with a further increase in intracellular cAMP content and relaxation of smooth muscles of the respiratory tract. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of bronchodilators have also been established.