Author(s):
Delila Eliza, Nadia Farhanah Syafhan, Retnosari Andrajati, Sri Wulandah Fitriani
Email(s):
nadia.farhanah@farmasi.ui.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00662 
Address:
Delila Eliza1, Nadia Farhanah Syafhan1,2*, Retnosari Andrajati1,2, Sri Wulandah Fitriani2
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia.
2Unit of Pharmacy and Central Sterile Supply Department, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 17,
Issue - 9,
Year - 2024
ABSTRACT:
Diabetes is one major causes of death. Pharmacist interventions show improvements on clinical outcomes and quality of life of the patient. Telehealth including telepharmacy has been widely used as an alternative to health services during the Covid-19 outbreak. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pharmacist intervention through telepharmacy services on clinical outcome and quality of life of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM) at Universitas Indonesia Hospital. This study involved 70 patients with type 2 diabetes with a non-randomized controlled trial methodology. They were divided into an intervention group and a control group with 35 patients each. The intervention was carried out by conducting follow-up therapy monitoring via telephone call. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between groups did not differ significantly (p> 0.05). HbA1c baseline was 7.65+1.94% in intervention group and 7.43+1.84% in the control group. A significance different were observed in the quality of life index patients between the intervention and control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, in HbA1c there were no significant difference changes but patients in the intervention group was (OR (95%CI) 1.28 (0.48 - 3.37) times higher in HbA1c improvement than in the control group (p>0.05). This study showed that telepharmacy provided by pharmacists could lead to enhanced patient quality of life (QoL).
Cite this article:
Delila Eliza, Nadia Farhanah Syafhan, Retnosari Andrajati, Sri Wulandah Fitriani. Pharmacist Monitoring Intervention via Telepharmacy on Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life in patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pragmatic, Prospective Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(9):4282-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00662
Cite(Electronic):
Delila Eliza, Nadia Farhanah Syafhan, Retnosari Andrajati, Sri Wulandah Fitriani. Pharmacist Monitoring Intervention via Telepharmacy on Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life in patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pragmatic, Prospective Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(9):4282-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00662 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-9-23
REFERENCES:
1. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019; 157: 107843. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
2. PERKENI. Pedoman Petunjuk Praktis Terapi Insulin Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus. Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. 2021.
3. Bhardwaj J, Choudhary R, Sharma P. A comparative study on quality of life among type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus clients at selected hospitals of district Mohali, Punjab. Asian J Nurs Educ Res. 2018; 8(1): 152. doi:10.5958/2349-2996.2018.00032.0
4. Taylor SI, Yazdi ZS, Beitelshees AL. Pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2021; 131(2): doi:10.1172/JCI142243
5. Tsoutsouki J, Wunna W, Chowdhury A, Chowdhury TA. Advances in the management of diabetes: Therapies for type 2 diabetes. Postgrad Med J. 2020; 96(1140): 610-618. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-137404
6. Bukhsh A, Khan TM, Phisalprapa P, et al. Impact of Pharmacist-Led Diabetes Self-Care Education on Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Pakistan: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol. 2022; 13(February): 1-9. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.754999
7. Goruntla N, Mallela V, Nayakanti D. Impact of pharmacist-directed counseling and message reminder services on medication adherence and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019; 11(1): 69. doi:10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_211_18
8. Fajriansyah, Iskandarsyah A, Puspitasari IM, Lestari K. Impact of pharmacist counseling on health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cluster randomized controlled study. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020; 19(2): 675-682. doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00528-x
9. Kelly WN, Ho MJ, Smith T, Bullers K, Kumar A. Association of pharmacist counseling with medication adherence and quality-of-life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Pharm Assoc. Published online May 2023. doi:10.1016/j.japh.2023.04.024
10. Tripathi N, Balai MK. A Study to assess the Quality of life among Persons living with Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and Arthritis in selected Village of Ludhiana, Punjab. Int J Nurs Educ Res. 2018; 6(4): 379. doi:10.5958/2454-2660.2018.00092.3
11. Vimala G, Goyal RC. Quality of life of elderly in India: A Review. Int J Nurs Educ Res. 2018; 6(4): 425. doi:10.5958/2454-2660.2018.00103.5
12. Orabone AW, Do V, Cohen E. Pharmacist-Managed Diabetes Programs: Improving Treatment Adherence and Patient Outcomes. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes. 2022; 15(June): 1911-1923. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S342936
13. Unni EJ, Patel K, Beazer IR, Hung M. Telepharmacy during COVID-19 : A Scoping Review. Published online. 2022: 1-12.
14. Iftinan GN, Wathoni N, Lestari K. Telepharmacy: A Potential Alternative Approach for Diabetic Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021; 14: 2261-2273. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S325645
15. Cao DX, Tran RJC, Yamzon J, Stewart TL, Hernandez EA. Effectiveness of telepharmacy diabetes services: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Heal Pharm. 2022; 79(11): 860-872. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxac070
16. Peasah SK, Granitz K, Vu M, Jacob B. Effectiveness of a Student Pharmacist–Led Telephone Follow-Up Intervention to Improve Hemoglobin A1C in Diabetic Patients. J Pharm Pract. 2020; 33(6): 832-837. doi:10.1177/0897190019857409
17. Khan YH, Alzarea AI, Alotaibi NH, et al. Evaluation of Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Educational Campaign on Disease Knowledge, Practices and Medication Adherence for Type-2 Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Pre- and Post-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(16). doi:10.3390/ijerph191610060
18. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. 5th ed. Sagung Seto; 2014.
19. Purba FD, Hunfeld JAM, Iskandarsyah A, et al. The Indonesian EQ-5D-5L Value Set. Pharmacoeconomics. 2017; 35(11): 1153-1165. doi:10.1007/s40273-017-0538-9
20. Arifin B, Idrus LR, van Asselt ADI, et al. Health-related quality of life in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients measured with the Bahasa version of EQ-5D. Qual Life Res. 2019; 28(5): 1179-1190. doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02105-z
21. Hernán MA, Robins JM. Per-Protocol Analyses of Pragmatic Trials. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377(14): 1391-1398. doi:10.1056/NEJMsm1605385
22. De Groot J, Wu D, Flynn D, Robertson D, Grant G, Sun J. Efficacy of telemedicine on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. World J Diabetes. 2021; 12(2): 170-197. doi:10.4239/wjd.v12.i2.170
23. Wu C, Wu Z, Yang L, et al. Evaluation of the clinical outcomes of telehealth for managing diabetes: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Med (United States). 2018; 97(43). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000012962
24. Geetha V, Sahu SK, Susila C. Assess Quality of Life (QOL) and Glycemic Level among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Global Hospital and Research Centre and its Units, Sirohi, Rajasthan. Asian J Nurs Educ Res. 2017; 7(4): 577. doi:10.5958/2349-2996.2017.00112.4
25. Lauffenburger JC, Ghazinouri R, Jan S, et al. Impact of a novel pharmacist-delivered behavioral intervention for patients with poorly-controlled diabetes: The ENhancing outcomes through Goal Assessment and Generating Engagement in Diabetes Mellitus (ENGAGE-DM) pragmatic randomized trial. PLoS One. 2019; 14(4): 1-15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214754
26. Leny Nopitasari B, Adi Jaya MK. The effect of Self-Care on Clinical Outcome of Outpatient Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Regional General Hospital West Nusa Tenggara Province. Res J Pharm Technol. Published online June 26, 2023: 2661-2667. doi:10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00437
27. Valaiyapathi B, Gower B, Ashraf AP. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019; 16(3): 220-229. doi:10.2174/1573399814666180608074510
28. Gummesson A, Nyman E, Knutsson M, Karpefors M. Effect of weight reduction on glycated haemoglobin in weight loss trials in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2017; 19(9): 1295-1305. doi:10.1111/dom.12971
29. S. Lokhande S, V. N. R, More SS, Pawar SS. Role of Pharmacist in Prevention and Management of Diabetics. Asian J Pharm Res. Published online June 3, 2023: 95-98. doi:10.52711/2231-5691.2023.00019
30. Porselvi A. A Review on the Need of Advanced Clinical Pharmacy Education Services for Diabetes Prevention and Management in India in comparison with International Standards. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021; 14(1): 493-500. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00090.1
31. Sayin Kasar K, Duru Asiret G, Kutmec Yilmaz C, Canlar Ş. The effect of model-based telephone counseling on HbA1c and self-management for individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Prim Care Diabetes. 2022; 16(1): 41-48. doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2021.09.005
32. Parsa P, Ahmadinia-Tabesh R, Mohammadi Y. Assessment of the risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetes Patients Type-II. Asian J Nurs Educ Res. 2019; 9(2): 267. doi:10.5958/2349-2996.2019.00057.0
33. Simon MA, Raja BY, Varughese PC, et al. Pharmacist led intervention towards management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and assessment of patient satisfaction of care- A prospective, randomized controlled study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2021; 15(5). doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102208
34. Butt M, Mhd Ali A, Bakry MM, Mustafa N. Impact of a pharmacist led diabetes mellitus intervention on HbA1c, medication adherence and quality of life: A randomised controlled study. Saudi Pharm J. 2016; 24(1): 40-48. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.023
35. Ahmed F, Hammad SA, Lin JF, et al. A1C Reduction in Patients Who Declined Pharmacist-Led Diabetes Management Services. J Pharm Pract. 2022; 35(3): 413-421. doi:10.1177/0897190021993390
36. John J. A Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Guided Imagery Technique on Stress and Quality of Life among Diabetics Patients in a selected Rural Area, Bangalore. Int J Nurs Educ Res. 2019; 7(3): 373. doi:10.5958/2454-2660.2019.00084.x
37. Linu Mohan P, Surendran R, Azeez S, Mathew AC. Effectiveness of clinical pharmacist mediated educational intervention on quality of life of Indian asthmatics. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13(3): 1435-1440. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00262.0