ABSTRACT:
Millions of animals are used for laboratory research and development purposes each year; these living creatures endure suffering before being killed. Animal testing has other drawbacks in addition to bioethical concerns, such as high costs, the need for specialized labor, permission, and time commitment. As a result, Researchers have worked to make several substitute techniques that may replace using animals in tests. These techniques potentially save millions of animals' lives every year, in addition to providing precise findings. In- silico pharmacology methods are used in conjunction with computer and robotics research methodologies to develop alternative techniques for animal experimentation. In this context, several approaches are listed. Certain techniques are just as trustworthy as in-vivo animal models when it comes to precisely predicting the actions of drugs. These substitute techniques also have a number of benefits over using animals in experiments. Given that up to 90% of clinical trials fail, there is rising ethical concern over the use of excessive animals in drug research and development. The non-animal models described in this article have the potential to accelerate the medication delivery process at a faster pace. This review provides researchers and readers who are not aware of about predictive in- silico techniques a basic knowledge of the underlying theory. New advancements, software, acceptability hurdles, integrated techniques, and current applications are all covered, with links to more resources provided for each area. Furthermore, these alternative methods offer a variety of advantages over experimental animals.