Author(s): Zhadyra Yersariyeva

Email(s): super_tasbaha@mail.ru

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00892   

Address: Zhadyra Yersariyeva
Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 17,      Issue - 12,     Year - 2024


ABSTRACT:
Aims/Objectives: This study aimed to explore the mechanistic links between COVID-19 and ocular disorders. The study sought to identify specific diseases, assess the effectiveness of treatment approaches, and provide insights into the broader implications for patient care. Methodology: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Medline databases, collecting relevant studies until June 2023. A rigorous PRISMA-based selection process ensured high-quality research inclusion. Bias risk assessment followed Cochrane's "Systematic Reviews of Interventions" guidelines. Five studies were selected for meta-analysis using Review Manager with a fixed-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed. Results/Findings: Our analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in ocular presentations post-COVID-19 infection (p<0.00001; I^2=97%). Notable findings included vision improvement in patients treated with oral steroids and intravenous methylprednisolone, as well as resolution of uveitis through cycloplegic and topical steroids. Scientific Novelty/Contribution: This study sheds light on a lesser-explored facet of COVID-19, highlighting ocular disorders as potential viral symptoms. It contributes novel treatment insights and underscores the importance of considering ocular health in COVID-19 patient care. Conclusion/Implications: Ocular disorders post-COVID-19 infection warrant attention from clinicians and researchers. Further investigations are essential to refine treatment strategies and improve the overall care of COVID-19 patients. Recognizing the ocular dimension of this viral illness is crucial for a holistic approach to healthcare delivery in the post-pandemic era.


Cite this article:
Zhadyra Yersariyeva. A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Reveals Hidden Insights into Ocular Disorders Following COVID-19 Infection. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2024;17(12):5877-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00892

Cite(Electronic):
Zhadyra Yersariyeva. A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Reveals Hidden Insights into Ocular Disorders Following COVID-19 Infection. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2024;17(12):5877-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00892   Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-12-29


REFERENCES:
1.    Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020; 382(8): 727-33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
2.    Vishnu KN, Uppala PK, Vangoori Y, Gudhanti SNKR. A review on covid 19 pandemic and its global effects. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2021; 11(4): 242-6. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5691.2021.00042
3.    Talele SG, Ahire ED, Surana KR, Sonawane VN, Talele GS. Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19): A past and Present Prospective. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2022; 12(1): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5691.2022.00008
4.    Siedlecki J, Brantl V, Schworm B, Mayer WJ, Gerhardt M, Michalakis S, et al. COVID-19: ophthalmological aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 global pandemic. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde. 2020; 237(05): 675-80. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1164-9381
5.    Inomata T, Kitazawa K, Kuno T, Sung J, Nakamura M, Iwagami M, et al. Clinical and prodromal ocular symptoms in coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2020; 61(10): 29. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.10.29
6.    Insausti-García A, Reche-Sainz JA, Ruiz-Arranz C, Lopez Vazquez A, Ferro-Osuna M. Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: inflammation and hypercoagulable state. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 32(1): NP168-NP72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672120947591
7.    Naga VK, Nagisetty S, Uppala PK, Uttaravelli U, Lavanya B, Balijepalli MK, et al. Covid 19 vaccine-A magical bullet for corona. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(1): 465-9. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00079
8.    Kumar S, Sharma N, Verma KK. A Review Article on Persistent Post-COVID Syndrome (PPCS). Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 14(1): 73-8. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5713.2024.00014
9.    Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2020; 28(3): 391-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2020.1738501
11.    Acharya S, Diamond M, Anwar S, Glaser A, Tyagi P. Unique case of central retinal artery occlusion secondary to COVID-19 disease. IDCases. 2020; 21: e00867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00867
12.    Dumitrascu OM, Volod O, Bose S, Wang Y, Biousse V, Lyden PD. Acute ophthalmic artery occlusion in a COVID-19 patient on apixaban. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2020; 29(8): 104982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104982
13.    Landecho M, Yuste J, Gándara E, Sunsundegui P, Quiroga J, Alcaide A, et al. COVID‐19 retinal microangiopathy as an in vivo biomarker of systemic vascular disease? Journal of Internal Medicine. 2021; 289(1): 116-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13156
14.    Ortiz-Seller A, Martinez Costa L, Hernandez-Pons A, Valls Pascual E, Solves Alemany A, Albert-Fort M. Ophthalmic and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2020; 28(8): 1285-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2020.1817497
15.    Sanjay S, Gowda PB, Rao B, Mutalik D, Mahendradas P, Kawali A, et al. “Old wine in a new bottle”-post COVID-19 infection, central serous chorioretinopathy and the steroids. Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection. 2021; 11(1): 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12348-021-00244-4
16.    Debnath S, Saha J. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A global threat. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 12(1): 63-9. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00011
17.    Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L, et al. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. JAMA ophthalmology. 2020; 138(5): 575-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291
18.    Zhang X, Chen X, Chen L, Deng C, Zou X, Liu W, et al. The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface. Elsevier; 2020. p. 360-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2020.03.010
19.    Loffredo L, Pacella F, Pacella E, Tiscione G, Oliva A, Violi F. Conjunctivitis and COVID‐19: a meta‐analysis. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020; 92(9): 1413. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25938
20.    Aggarwal K, Agarwal A, Jaiswal N, Dahiya N, Ahuja A, Mahajan S, et al. Ocular surface manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2020; 15(11): e0241661. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241661
21.    Marinho PM, Marcos AA, Romano AC, Nascimento H, Belfort R. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19. The Lancet. 2020; 395(10237): 1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31014-X
22.    Ho D, Low R, Tong L, Gupta V, Veeraraghavan A, Agrawal R. COVID-19 and the ocular surface: a review of transmission and manifestations. Ocular immunology and inflammation. 2020; 28(5): 726-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2020.1772313
23.    Mahayana IT, Angsana NC, Kamila A, Fatiha NN, Sunjaya DZ, Andajana W, et al. Literature review of conjunctivitis, conjunctival swab and chloroquine effect in the eyes: a current updates on COVID-19 and ophthalmology. Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran). 2020; 52(3). https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202003
24.    Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews. 2015; 4(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g7647
25.    Rajkumari B, Rajkumar V, Chingakham DS, Bishwalata R. Ocular manifestations in post-coronavirus disease-2019 patients in a tertiary care institute in North-East India: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Society. 2023; 36(3): 106-11. https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_75_22
26.    Jossy A, Jacob N, Sarkar S, Gokhale T, Kaliaperumal S, Deb AK. COVID-19-associated optic neuritis–A case series and review of literature. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 70(1): 310. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_2235_21
27.    Sanoria A, Jain P, Arora R, Bharti N. Bilateral sequential non-arteritic optic neuropathy post-COVID-19. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 70(2): 676. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_2365_21
28.    Azab MA, Hasaneen SF, Hanifa H, Azzam AY. Optic neuritis post-COVID-19 infection. A case report with meta-analysis. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery. 2021; 26: 101320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inat.2021.101320
29.    François J, Collery AS, Hayek G, Sot M, Zaidi M, Lhuillier L, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019–associated ocular neuropathy with panuveitis: a case report. JAMA ophthalmology. 2021;139(2):247-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5695
30.    Parvez Y, AlZarooni F, Khan F. Optic neuritis in a child with COVID-19: a rare association. Cureus. 2021; 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5695
31.    Sanjay S, Mutalik D, Gowda S, Mahendradas P, Kawali A, Shetty R. Post coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reactivation of a quiescent unilateral anterior uveitis. SN comprehensive clinical medicine. 2021; 3(9): 1843-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-021-00985-2
32.    Sanjay S, Srinivasan P, Jayadev C, Mahendradas P, Gupta A, Kawali A, et al. Post COVID-19 ophthalmic manifestations in an Asian Indian male. Ocular immunology and inflammation. 2021; 29(4): 656-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2020.1870147
33.    Savastano MC, Gambini G, Cozzupoli GM, Crincoli E, Savastano A, De Vico U, et al. Retinal capillary involvement in early post-COVID-19 patients: a healthy controlled study. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2021: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-05070-3
34.    Benito-Pascual B, Gegúndez JA, Díaz-Valle D, Arriola-Villalobos P, Carreño E, Culebras E, et al. Panuveitis and optic neuritis as a possible initial presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2020; 28(6): 922-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2020.1792512
35.    Catharino A, Neves M, Nunes N, Nascimento J, Nascimento J. COVID-19 related optic neuritis: Case report. J Clin Neurol Neurosci. 2020; 1(10). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_2235_21
36.    Chen L, Deng C, Chen X, Zhang X, Chen B, Yu H, et al. Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 535 cases of COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China: a cross‐sectional study. Acta ophthalmologica. 2020; 98(8): e951-e9. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14472
37.    Huber M, Rogozinski S, Puppe W, Framme C, Höglinger G, Hufendiek K, et al. Postinfectious onset of myasthenia gravis in a COVID-19 patient. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020;11:576153. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.576153
38.    Savastano A, Crincoli E, Savastano MC, Younis S, Gambini G, De Vico U, et al. Peripapillary retinal vascular involvement in early post-COVID-19 patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(9):2895. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092895
39.    Sawalha K, Adeodokun S, Kamoga G-R. COVID-19-induced acute bilateral optic neuritis. Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports. 2020;8:2324709620976018. https://doi.org/10.1177/2324709620976018
40.    Zhou S, Jones-Lopez EC, Soneji DJ, Azevedo CJ, Patel VR. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated optic neuritis and myelitis in COVID-19. Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0000000000001049
41.    Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: John Wiley and Sons; 2019. https://training.cochrane.org/handbook
42.    Jiang F, Deng L, Zhang L, Cai Y, Cheung CW, Xia Z. Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2020; 35: 1545-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w
43.    Fakir J, Surana KR, Patil DM, Sonawane DD. Survey Based Assessment of Adverse Effect in Covid-19 Vaccination Breakthrough Infections. 2023. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5659.2023.00034
44.    Costello F, Dalakas MC. Cranial neuropathies and COVID-19: neurotropism and autoimmunity. AAN Enterprises; 2020. p. 195-6. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009921
45.    Chen X, Laurent S, Onur OA, Kleineberg NN, Fink GR, Schweitzer F, et al. A systematic review of neurological symptoms and complications of COVID-19. Journal of Neurology. 2021; 268: 392-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10067-3
46.    Mahale BM, Girase AM. Study on covid-19 patients and the attacking fungus during post covid. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2022; 14(3): 204-7. https://doi.org/10.52711/0975-4385.2022.00036
47.    Sharma A, Kudchadkar US, Shirodkar R, Usgaonkar UP, Naik A. Unilateral inferior altitudinal visual field defect related to COVID-19. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; 69(4): 989. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_3666_20
48.    Roy M, Chandra A, Roy S, Shrotriya C. Optic neuritis following COVID-19 vaccination: Coincidence or side-effect?-A case series. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 70(2): 679. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_2374_21
49.    Debnath S, Chakravorty R, Devi D. COVID 19 and its management. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2021; 11(2): 117-21. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5691.2021.00022
50.    Au SCL. Central retinal artery occlusion in COVID-19. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; 69(10): 2905-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_1803_21
51.    Sen M, Honavar SG, Sharma N, Sachdev MS. COVID-19 and eye: a review of ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; 69(3): 488. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_297_21
52.    Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020; 75(23): 2950-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031
53.    Gadge SS. Antiviral and Immunity-modulating Natural Herbs in the Prevention of COVID-19. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2021; 13(2): 81-94. https://doi.org/10.52711/0975-4385.2021.00014  
54.    Roed H, Frederiksen J, Langkilde A, Sørensen TL, Lauritzen M, Sellebjerg F. Systemic T-cell activation in acute clinically isolated optic neuritis. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2005; 162(1-2): 165-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.02.002
55.    Jacobs LD, Kaba SE, Miller CM, Priore RL, Brownscheidle CM. Correlation of clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid findings in optic neuritis. Annals of Neurology. 1997; 41(3): 392-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410410315
56.    Napoli PE, Mangoni L, Gentile P, Braghiroli M, Fossarello M. A panel of broad-spectrum antivirals in topical ophthalmic medications from the drug repurposing approach during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 era. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(8): 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082441
57.    Dawood AA. The Russian Vaccine of COVID-19 (Sputnik V) has shown side effects on the Volunteers. 2021. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5659.2021.00030  
58.    Zago Filho LA, Lima LH, Melo GB, Zett C, Farah ME. Vitritis and outer retinal abnormalities in a patient with COVID-19. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2020; 28(8): 1298-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2020.1821898
59.    Gonzalez MP, Rios R, Pappaterra M, Hernandez M, Toledo A, Santos C, et al. Reactivation of acute retinal necrosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case reports in Ophthalmological Medicine. 2021; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7336488
60.    Gupta A, Dixit B, Stamoulas K, Akshikar R. Atypical bilateral acute retinal necrosis in a coronavirus disease 2019 positive immunosuppressed patient. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 32(1): NP94-NP6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672120974941
61.    Iwai S, Takayama K, Sora D, Takeuchi M. A case of acute retinal necrosis associated with reactivation of varicella zoster virus after COVID-19 vaccination. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2023;31(1):233-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2021.2001541
62.    Mishra SB, Mahendradas P, Kawali A, Sanjay S, Shetty R. Reactivation of varicella zoster infection presenting as acute retinal necrosis post COVID 19 vaccination in an Asian Indian male. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023; 33(1): NP32-NP6. https://doi.org/10.1177/11206721211046485
63.    Soni A, Narayanan R, Tyagi M, Belenje A, Basu S. Acute Retinal Necrosis as a presenting ophthalmic manifestation in COVID 19 recovered patients. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2021; 29(4): 722-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2021.1938135
64.    Zhang Y, Stewart JM. Retinal and choroidal manifestations of COVID-19. Current Opinion in ophthalmology. 2021; 32(6): 536-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0000000000000801

Recomonded Articles:

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (RJPT) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal.... Read more >>>

RNI: CHHENG00387/33/1/2008-TC                     
DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X 

1.3
2021CiteScore
 
56th percentile
Powered by  Scopus


SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Journal Policies & Information


Recent Articles




Tags


Not Available