Author(s):
Novita Andayani, Yunita Arliny, Syarifah Fera, Basti Handoko
Email(s):
novi@usk.ac.id , nita.arliny@usk.ac.id , feramuhawan@gmail.com , bastihandoko@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00886 
Address:
Novita Andayani1, Yunita Arliny1*, Syarifah Fera2, Basti Handoko2
1Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dr.Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia.
2Resident of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 17,
Issue - 12,
Year - 2024
ABSTRACT:
Varied biological markers are not always found in health services with limited resources and high costs. A biological marker named the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, we know as NLR has been extensively studied in lung cancer patients regarding its effectiveness as a predictor of evaluation. This study assess NLR as a prognosis in a survival and death scale in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study used a cross-sectional study design. The samples were advanced stage NSCLC patients undergoing chemotherapy from January 1st 2021 to December 31st 2022 which were limited to the first mid semester of 2023 to see the prognosis of survival and its relationship with NLR. To see the sensitivity, specificity and cut-off point the AUC ROC graph was used. Log-rank test was done for the assessment of the survival. Forty-eight (71.6%) patients died and 19 (28.3%) patients survived. Cut off point of NLR was 3.025, AUC 0.506 with a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 31.6% p=0.939, survival test NLR >3.025 with average survival of 8.23 months, and NLR =3.025 with average survival of 12.95 months. P Value was 0.219. This study identified NLR as a weak biomarker in order to assess the survival prognosis of advanced stage NSCLC patients.
Cite this article:
Novita Andayani, Yunita Arliny, Syarifah Fera, Basti Handoko. Overview of The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ration (NLR) as a Prognosis Biomarker of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2024;17(12):5839-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00886
Cite(Electronic):
Novita Andayani, Yunita Arliny, Syarifah Fera, Basti Handoko. Overview of The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ration (NLR) as a Prognosis Biomarker of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2024;17(12):5839-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00886 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-12-23
REFERENCES:
1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer statistics. 2022. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 72: 7–33.
2. Ali Jassim MM, A. Naji S, Mohammed Mahmood M. BRCA1, BCL2, and the RB Tumor Suppressor have abnormal expressions in lung cancer. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022; 4083–4087.
3. Rajiniraja M. Prediction of alternate drugs for crizotinib resistant mutated-alk inhibitors in lung cancer treatment: An In silico approach. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13: 3643.
4. Bandil V, Gupta JK, Goyal M. Vinorelbine: A potential breakthrough in cancer therapy. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021; 14: 1823–1827.
5. Nag MK, Patel S, Panik R, et al. Lung Cancer Targeting: A Review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2013; 6: 1302–1306.
6. Globocan. Lung Fact Sheet. The Global Cancer Observatory 2020, https://gco.iarc.fr/today (December 2020).
7. BokadiaGSneha, Brundha MP, Ariga P. Current knowledge about lung cancer amongmiddleagednon medical males a questionnaire based survey. Res J Pharm Technol. 2018; 11: 2565.
8. Minkov P, Gulubova M, Chilingirov P, et al. The Position of Neutrophils-To-Lymphocytes and Lymphocytes-To-Platelets Ratio as Predictive Markers of Progression and Prognosis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018; 6: 1382–1386.
9. Mhana S, Said H, Zrieki A. NLR and PLR as Available and Inexpensive markers for Evaluation of Subclinical Inflammation in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Res J Pharm Technol. 2023; 187–192.
10. Chaitanya Thandra K, Barsouk A, Saginala K, et al. Epidemiology of lung cancer. WspółczesnaOnkologia. 2021; 25: 45–52.
11. Rahal Z, El Nemr S, Sinjab A, et al. Smoking and Lung Cancer: A Geo-Regional Perspective. Front Oncol; 7. Epub ahead of print 1 September. 2017. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00194.
12. American Lung Association. State of Lung Disease in Diverse Communities, http://www.LungUSA.org (2010).
13. Yao Y, Yuan D, Liu H, et al. Pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with response to therapy and prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy. 2013; 62: 471–479.
14. Zhang X, Zhang W, Yuan X, et al. Neutrophils in cancer development and progression: Roles, mechanisms, and implications (Review). Int J Oncol. 2016; 49: 857–867.
15. Laumont CM, Banville AC, Gilardi M, et al. Tumour-infiltrating B cells: immunological mechanisms, clinical impact and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer. 2022; 22: 414–430.
16. Chraa D, Naim A, Olive D, et al. T lymphocyte subsets in cancer immunity: Friends or foes. J LeukocBiol. 2019; 105: 243–255.
17. Pandya PH, Murray ME, Pollok KE, et al. The Immune System in Cancer Pathogenesis: Potential Therapeutic Approaches. J Immunol Res. 2016; 2016: 1–13.
18. Fournier L, de Geus-Oei L-F, Regge D, et al. Twenty Years On: RECIST as a Biomarker of Response in Solid Tumours an EORTC Imaging Group – ESOI Joint Paper. Front Oncol; 11. Epub ahead of print 10 January 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.800547.
19. Muhawan S. Hubungan Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit Sebelum Kemoterapi dengan Response Evaluation Criteria Solid Tumours Pada Pasien Kanker Paru Karsinoma Bukan Sel Kecil. Universitas Syiah Kuala.
20. Liu D, Jin J, Zhang L, et al. The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio May Predict Benefit from Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 2018; 46: 1595–1605.
21. Muroyama Y, Tamiya H, Tanaka G, et al. Alpha-Fetoprotein-Producing Lung Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma with Brain Metastasis Treated with S-1. Case Rep Oncol. 2020; 13: 1552–1559.
22. Saad HM, Tourky GF, Al-kuraishy HM, et al. The Potential Role of MUC16 (CA125) Biomarker in Lung Cancer: A Magic Biomarker but with Adversity. Diagnostics. 2022; 12: 2985.
23. Chac LD, Thinh BB, Hoang NQ, et al. Quantification of CYFRA21-1 antigen in non-small cell lung cancer by Phage Display Real-time Immuno-PCR Method. Res J Pharm Technol 2019; 12: 5345.
24. Reddy KB. MicroRNA (miRNA) in cancer. Cancer Cell Int. 2015; 15: 38.
25. Chanda C. Role of Inflammatory Cytokines during Lung Cancer Progression: A Review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2018; 11: 5163.
26. Šutić M, Vukić A, Baranašić J, et al. Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Management. J Pers Med. 2021; 11: 1102.
27. S. Jain M, D. Barhate S, D. Shimpi R. Mobocertinib is an Oral kinase inhibitor targeted against EGFR and used in the treatment of Non-small cell Lung cancer: A Review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2022; 179–182.
28. Sari S, Andayani TM, Endarti D, et al. Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients with Mutation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Indonesia. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13: 443.
29. American Cancer Society. Lung Cancer Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging. 2019.
30. Megasari A, Bagiada M. Ketahanan hidup 1 tahun karsinoma paru di divisi Pulmonologi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Medicina (B Aires); 51. Epub ahead of print 9 January 2020. DOI: 10.15562/medicina.v51i1.323.