Author(s): Kalesh M Karun, Deepthy M S

Email(s): karunkmk@gmail.com , deepthyms27@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00392   

Address: Kalesh M Karun1*, Deepthy M S2
1Scientist C, ICMR- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Dept. of Health Research (Govt. of India), Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, Pin- 590010, India.
2Department of Biostatistics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, Pin - 605006, India.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 16,      Issue - 5,     Year - 2023


ABSTRACT:
Two group pre-post designs are very commonly used in medical research to study the effect of interventions on numerical outcome variables. Sometimes these measurements don’t follow the fundamental statistical assumption of normality and two-way repeated measures mixed ANOVA cannot be used. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with Gamma log link function is a non-parametric analogue that can be used when data is skewed. When compared to other methods GEE has fewer assumptions and provides precise estimates.In the present study, the application of GEE is demonstrated using a simulated data. Different steps involved in the GEE analysis using SPSS software were also provided as an easy guide to researchers. This study could serve medical researchers understand, perform and interpret GEE in a better way.


Cite this article:
Kalesh M Karun, Deepthy M S. Generalized Estimating Equations in Longitudinal Studies: A Non-Parametric Alternative for Two-Way Repeated Measures Mixed ANOVA. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023; 16(5):2381-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00392

Cite(Electronic):
Kalesh M Karun, Deepthy M S. Generalized Estimating Equations in Longitudinal Studies: A Non-Parametric Alternative for Two-Way Repeated Measures Mixed ANOVA. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023; 16(5):2381-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00392   Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2023-16-5-51


REFERENCES:
1.    Bhardwaj R. A study of the theoretical framework of parametric and non-parametric tests used social sciences. Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2017;8(2):225-8. doi: 0.5958/2321-5828.2017.00034.1
2.    Sharma A. Role of Statistics in Different Fields. Research Journal of Science and Technology. 2017;9(1):118-22. doi:10.5958/2349-2988.2017.00018.3
3.    Sinha G. The Pharmaceutical Industry accompanied by the patient through manifold Therapies. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020 Jul 1;13(7):3399-401. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00604.6
4.    Sudhakar S, Paul J, Selvam PS, Mahendranath P. Serum creatine kinase response on exercise induced delayed onset muscle soreness: a pilot single blind randomized clinical trial. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020;13(8):3638-42. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00643.5  
5.    Sarumathy S, Johnson LA. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients regarding Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tertiary care Hospital. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017;10(7):2153-6. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00379.1
6.    Uhm TH, Kim JH. Effectiveness of 5, 10, 15-min Video Self-Instruction in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018 Feb 1;11(2):649-652. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00121.X
7.    Zainab. The effect of the application of topical shallots on infant pain post-immunization. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022 Apr 23;15(4):1775–8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00297
8.    Vasan M. Impact of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction among the Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018;11(9):3759-64. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00688.1
9.    Gupta R, Rai N. An In-vitro analysis of the staining effect of different chemical mouthwashes. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020; 13(12): 6007–8. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01047.1
10.    Ryu JH, Kang YS. Effect of Psychomotor Program on the Athletic Abilities of Children with Developmental Delays. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018;11(10):4597. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00841.7
11.    Keselman HJ, Algina J, Kowalchuk RK. The analysis of repeated measures designs: A review. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. 2001 May;54(1):1–20. doi: 10.1348/000711001159357.
12.    Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986;73(1):13-22.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/73.1.13
13.    Zeger SL, Liang KY. Longitudinal Data Analysis for Discrete and Continuous Outcomes. Biometrics. 1986 Mar;42(1):121. doi.org/10.2307/2531248
14.    Pekár S, Brabec M. Generalized estimating equations: A pragmatic and flexible approach to the marginal GLM modelling of correlated data in the behavioural sciences. Bshary R, editor. Ethology. 2018 Feb;124(2):86–93. doi.org/10.1111/eth.12713
15.    Hanley JA. Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data Using Generalized Estimating Equations: An Orientation. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 Feb 15;157(4):364–75. doi:10.1093/aje/kwf215
16.    Owusu-Darko I, Adu IK, Frempong NK. Application of generalized estimating equation (GEE) model on students’ academic performance. Applied Mathematical Sciences. 2014;8(68):3359-74.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2014.44277
17.    Tan F, Jiang Z, Bae SJ. Generalized linear mixed models for reliability analysis of multi-copy repairable systems. IEEE Transactions on Reliability. 2007 Mar 5;56(1):106-14. doi:10.1109/TR.2006.884596
18.    Wood SN. Low-Rank Scale-Invariant Tensor Product Smooths for Generalized Additive Mixed Models. Biometrics. 2006 Dec;62(4):1025–36. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00574.x
19.    Kaptein MC, Nass C, Markopoulos P. Powerful and consistent analysis of likert-type ratingscales. In: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI ’10. Atlanta, Georgia, USA: ACM Press; 2010:2391-94. doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753686
20.    Wobbrock JO, Findlater L, Gergle D, Higgins JJ. The aligned rank transform for nonparametric factorial analyses using only anova procedures. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems [Internet]. Vancouver BC Canada: ACM; 2011 [cited 2022 Sep 1]: 143–6. doi/10.1145/1978942.1978963
21.    Noguchi K, Gel YR, Brunner E, Konietschke F. nparLD: an R software package for the nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments. Journal of Statistical Software. 2012 Sep 18;50:1-23.doi.org/10.18637/jss.v050.i12
22.    Leyrat C, Morgan KE, Leurent B, Kahan BC. Cluster randomized trials with a small number of clusters: which analyses should be used? International Journal of Epidemiology. 2018 Feb 1;47(1):321–31. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyx169.


Recomonded Articles:

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (RJPT) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal.... Read more >>>

RNI: CHHENG00387/33/1/2008-TC                     
DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X 

1.3
2021CiteScore
 
56th percentile
Powered by  Scopus


SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Journal Policies & Information


Recent Articles




Tags


Not Available