Author(s):
Dzun Haryadi Ittiqo, Sri Mulyani Pranmayanti, Melati Permata Hati, Yuli Fitriana, Alvi Kusuma Wardani
Email(s):
dzun.haryadi@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00299 
Address:
Dzun Haryadi Ittiqo1*, Sri Mulyani Pranmayanti1, Melati Permata Hati1, Yuli Fitriana2, Alvi Kusuma Wardani2
1Department of Technology Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia, 83127.
2Department of Phytochemical and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia, 83127.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2023
ABSTRACT:
High glucose level conditions cause many fatal complications, such as the increased risk of developing gangrene. The incidences of amputation worldwide have happened of 25% and 14.3% mortality after amputation. Patients with diabetic gangrene are often treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic. However, nowadays antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging problems to cure the infection in diabetic gangrene. Scientists are looking for natural compounds to develop new medication as an alternative antibacterial. Kadara (Caesalpinia bonduc) is a plant from Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara. Flavonoids, the primary constituent of Caesalpinia bonduc seeds, are responsible for broad-spectrum antibacterial action. Flavonoids are poorly soluble in water, so as the solution for increasing the stability of flavonoids, it needs development of dosage form in the self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system (SNEDDS). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Snedds ethyl acetate fraction of the extract of the seeds of the fruit (Caesalpinia bonduc) against diabetic gangrene bacteria. This research begins with maceration to obtain a thick extract followed by fractionation, then make the SNEDDS formula using the trial-error method. Characterization is carried out, and the antibacterial activity test is carried out. The results showed that the SNEDDS formula that met the criteria was obtained from a comparison of tween 80 and PEG 400 (7:2) with an emulsification time of 29.67±0.58 seconds, a transparent emulsion formation medium, and a particle size of 16.8nm. The results of the bacterial inhibition test showed that the SNEEDS formula was not significantly different from the tetracycline positive control (*p>0.05), with the inhibitory diameter values of 15.67±2.31mm and 15.67±1.15mm.
Cite this article:
Dzun Haryadi Ittiqo, Sri Mulyani Pranmayanti, Melati Permata Hati, Yuli Fitriana, Alvi Kusuma Wardani. Effectiveness of Snedds (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) Etil Acetate Fraction of Kadara Fruit (Caesalpinia bonduc) Seed Extract on Bacteria Diabetic Gangreen. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023; 16(4):1823-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00299
Cite(Electronic):
Dzun Haryadi Ittiqo, Sri Mulyani Pranmayanti, Melati Permata Hati, Yuli Fitriana, Alvi Kusuma Wardani. Effectiveness of Snedds (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) Etil Acetate Fraction of Kadara Fruit (Caesalpinia bonduc) Seed Extract on Bacteria Diabetic Gangreen. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023; 16(4):1823-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00299 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2023-16-4-48
REFERENCES:
1. Sari R, Apridamayanti P. Efektivitas SNEDDS Ekstrak Kulit Manggis Terhadap Bakteri P. mirabilis dan S. epidermidis yang Terdapat pada Ulkus Diabetik. Pharm Sci Res. 2016;3(3):130-138. doi:10.7454/psr.v3i3.3287
2. Kartika RW. Pengelolaan gangren kaki Diabetik. Contin Med Educ - Cardiol. 2017;44(1):18-22.
3. Yutika M, Rusli R, Ramadan A. Aktivitas Antibakteri Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena Odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.) Terhadap Bakteri Gangren. Pros Semin Nas Kefarmasian Ke-2. 2015;01(01):78.
4. Wahyuno S, Jokopriyambodo W, Mujahid R. Laporan Nasional Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Lokal Etnomedisin Dan Tumbuhan Obat Berbasis Komunitas Di Indonesia. 1st ed. Badan Litbangkes; 2017.
5. Yanty YN, Sopianti DS, Veronica C. Fraksinasi Dan Skrining Fraksi Biji Kebiul (Caesalpinia bonduc (L) Roxb) Dengan Metode Klt (Kromatografi Lapis Tipis). Borneo J Phamascientech. 2019;3(1):56-64.
6. Shukla S, Mehta A, John J, Singh S, Mehta P, Vyas SP. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc ella seeds. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(8):1848-1851. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.040
7. Manvar MN. Antibacterial Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (Convolvulacea) . Asian J Pharm Res. 2018;8(2):94. doi:10.5958/2231-5691.2018.00016.3
8. Zhao J, Yang J, Xie Y. Improvement strategies for the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble flavonoids: An overview. Elsevier. 2019;570.
9. Pratiwi L, Fudholi A, Martien R, Pramono S. Uji Stabilitas Fisik dan Kimia Sediaan SNEDDS (Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) dan Nanoemulsi Fraksi Etil Asetat Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Physical and Chemical Stability Test of SNEDDS (Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) a. Tradit Med J. 2018;23(2):84-90.
10. Kumar AS, Mazumder A, Vanitha J, et al. Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Sesbania Grandiflora (Fabaceae). Res J Pharm Technol. 2008;1(1):59-60.
11. Patel J. Optimization of lovastatin self-nanoemulsifying solid dosage form. Ars Pharm. 2013;54(1):7-15.
12. Ahmad S, Sinha S, Ojha S, et al. Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Herbal Mouthwash Against Oral Disorders. Indo Glob J Pharm Sci. 2018;08(02):37-40. doi:10.35652/igjps.2018.3740
13. Wang S, Su R, Nie S, et al. Application of nanotechnology in improving bioavailability and bioactivity of diet-derived phytochemicals. 2014;25:363-376.
14. Makadia HA, Bhatt AY, Pamar RB, Paun JS, Tank H. Self-nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS):Future Aspects. Asian J Pharm Res. 2013;3(1):21-27.
15. Reddy MS, Sravani B. Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Self Nano Emulsifying drug delivery System of Olanzapine to Enhance Aqueous Solubility and Dissolution Rate. Asian J Pharm Res. 2021;11(4).
16. Martien R. Technology Developments Nanoparticles As Drug. 2012;8(1):133-144.
17. S. Sathish Kumar, G. Melchias, P. Ravikumar, R. Chandrasekar PK. Bioinspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia hirta leaf extracts and their antibacterial activity. Asean J Pharm Res. 2014;4(1):39-43.
18. Chauhan R, Patel C, Panigrahi J. Greener approach for copper nanoparticles synthesis from Catharanthus roseus and Azadirachta indica leaf extract and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2018;8(2):81. doi:10.5958/2231-5659.2018.00016.4
19. Weerakkody NS, Caffin N, Turner MS, Dykes GA. In vitro antimicrobial activity of less-utilized spice and herb extracts against selected food-borne bacteria. Food Control. 2010;21(10):1408-1414. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.04.014
20. Doshi GM, Shidhaye SS, Aggarwal G V, Pillai PP, Bhalerao AB, Desai SK. Antibacterial potential of Cassia auriculata flowers. J Microbiol Biotechnol Res. 2011;1(3):15-19.
21. Abbaszadegan A, Ghahraman Y, Gholami A, Hemmateenejad B, Dorostkar S. The Effect of Charge at the Surface of Silver Nanoparticles on Antimicrobial Activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Preliminary Study. J Nanomater. 2015;48(2):395-400. doi:10.3181/00379727-48-13332
22. Sabarinath C, Sudhakar P, Shanmuganath C. Phytochemical and Antibacterial screening on leaves of Solanum torvum . Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2018;8(3):130. doi:10.5958/2231-5659.2018.00022.x
23. Singariya P, Kumar P, Mourya KK. In-vitro antimicrobial potency and pharmacological study of flower extracts in different polar solvents of Withania somnifera. Asian J Res Chem. 2012;5(3):409-413. http://www.ajrconline.org/AJRC/AJRC_5_3_2012_Abstract.pdf
24. Ritna A, Anam S, Khumaidi A. Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid Pada Fraksi Etil Asetat Benalu Batu ( Begonia Sp .) Asal Kabupaten Morowali Utara Identification Of Flavonoid Compounds In Ethyl Acetate Fraction Of Benalu Batu ( Begonia Sp .) Originated From North. Galen J Pharm. 2016;2(2):83-89.
25. Pamar Nitin, Singla Nelaam AS. Study Of Cosurfactant Effect On Nanoemulsifying Area And Development Of Lercanidipine Loaded (SNEDDS) Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. 2011;86(2):327-338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.04.016
26. H Chavda, J Patel, G Chayada, S Dave AP. Self Nanoemulsifying Powder of Isotretinoin. Powder Technol. Published online 2013:1-9.