Author(s):
Deeksha Sharma, Abha Vashistha, Manish Sharma
Email(s):
abhavashistha29@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00276
Address:
Deeksha Sharma1, Abha Vashistha2*, Manish Sharma3
1Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH-58, Baghpat Road, Bypass Crossing-250005, Meerut, U.P. (India).
2University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, NH-95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway -140413, Mohali, Punjab (India).
3Pioneer Center of Biosciencesfor Advanced Training and ResearchMohan Nagar- 201007, Ghaziabad, U.P. (India).
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2023
ABSTRACT:
Inspite of multi model cure therapy the mortality rate among the patients of brain tumor always remain high.The low survival rate is due to the ability of these tumors to recur quickly and aggressively. The cellular, genetic, and epigenetic heterogeneity of Glioblastoma multiforme tumors makes designing targeted treatments difficult. Within the tumor there are distinct subpopulations of cells that are stem-like in their behavior and are critical as therapeutic target. The regulation of these cells at molecular level is not yet properly studied. The presence of hypoxic environment controls the stem cells and slower down the progression of tumor. The goal of this work is to use PCR to determine gene expression in glial cells that have been exposed to hypoxia.
Cite this article:
Deeksha Sharma, Abha Vashistha, Manish Sharma. Study of Gene Expression in Glioblastoma Hypoxic Model. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023; 16(4):1685-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00276
Cite(Electronic):
Deeksha Sharma, Abha Vashistha, Manish Sharma. Study of Gene Expression in Glioblastoma Hypoxic Model. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023; 16(4):1685-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00276 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2023-16-4-24
REFERENCES:
1. Sun W. Yang J. Functional Mechanism for Human Tumor Suppressors. Journal of Cancer.2010;15(1):136-40. doi: 10.7150/jca.1.136.
2. Hanif F. Muzaffar K. Perveen K. Malhi SM. Simjee S. Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Review of its Epidemiology and Pathogenesis through Clinical Presentation and Treatment. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2017; 18(1): 3–9.doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.3.
3. Louis DN. Perry A. Reifenberger G. von DeimlingFigarella-Branger AD. Cavenee WK.Ohgaki H. Wiestler OD. Kleihues P. Ellison DW. The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathology.2016;131(6):803-20.doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1
4. Osinsky R. Schmitz A. Alexander N. Kuepper Y. Kozyra E. Hennig J. TPH2 gene variation and conflict processing in a cognitive and an emotional Stroop task Behavioural Brain Research. 2008; 198 (2):404-10.doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.022.
5. Semenza GL. Oxygen-regulated transcription factors and their role in pulmonary disease. Respiratory Research. 2000; 1: 7.doi.org/10.1186/rr27.
6. Lee P. Chandel NS. Simon MC. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia through hypoxia inducible factors and beyond. Nature Review Molecular Cell Biology. 2020; 21, 268–283.doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-0227-y.
7. Ziello JE. Jovin IS.Huang Y. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 regulatory pathway and its potential for therapeutic intervention in malignancy and ischemia. The Yale journal of biology and medicine. 2007; 80(2): 51–60.PMID: 18160990; PMCID: PMC2140184.
8. Krock BL. Skuli N. Simon MC. Hypoxia-induced angiogenesis: good and evil. Genes and Cancer. 2011; 2(12): 1117–1133. doi: 10.1177/1947601911423654.
9. Georgina N. Masoud WL. Li W. HIF-1α pathway: role, regulation and intervention for cancertherapy, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2015; 5 (5):378-89. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.05.007.
10. Mendichovszky I. Jackson A. Imaging hypoxia in gliomas. The British Journal of Radiology. 2011; 84 (2): 145-158.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/82292521.
11. Banerjee K. Núñez FJ. Haase S. McClellan BL. Faisal SM. Carney SV. Yu J. Alghamri MS. Asad AS. Candia AJN. Varela ML. Candolfi M. Lowenstein PR. Castro MG. Current Approaches for Glioma Gene Therapy and Virotherapy. Front Mol Neurosci. 2021; 11(14):621831. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.621831.
12. Zhang X. Zhang W. Cao W. Cheng G.Zhang Y. Glioblastoma multiforme: Molecular characterization and current treatment strategy (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2012;3(1): 9-14.doi: 10.3892/etm.2011.367.
13. Muz B. de la Puente P. Azab F. Azab AK. The role of hypoxia in cancer progression, angiogenesis,metastasis,and resistance to therapy. Hypoxia.2015; 3,83–92.doi: 10.2147/HP.S93413.
14. Hsieh CH. Lee CH. Liang JA. Yu CY. Shyu WC. Cycling hypoxia increases U87 glioma cell radioresistance via ROS induced higher and long-term HIF-1 signal transduction activity. Oncology Reports.2010;24(6): 1629–1636.doi: 10.3892.
15. Hsieh CH. Shyu WC. Chiang CY. Kuo JW. Shen WC. Liu RS. NADPH oxidase subunit 4-mediated reactive oxygen species contribute to cycling hypoxia-promoted tumor progression in glioblastoma multiforme. PloSOne.2011;6(9):23945.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023945.
16. Galluzzi L. Vitale I. Aaronson S. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differentiation. 2018; 25, 486–541.doi.org/10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4.
17. Höckel M. Vaupel P. Tumor hypoxia: definitions and current clinical, biologic, and molecular aspects. Journal of National Cancer Institute. 2001;93(4): 266-76.doi: 10.1093/jnci/93.4.266.
18. Vaupel P. Harrison L. Tumor Hypoxia: Causative Factors, Compensatory Mechanisms, and Cellular Response. The Oncologist. 2004; 9(5): 4-9.doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.9-90005-4.
19. Laderoute KR. Amin K. Calaoagan JM. Knapp M. Orduna J. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase is induced by low-oxygen and glucose deprivation conditions found in solid-tumor microenvironments. Molecular Cell Biology.2006; 26(14): 5336-47.doi: 10.1128/MCB.00166-06.
20. Verena AM.Hypoxia Helps Glioma to Fight Therapy. Current Cancer Drug Targets. 2012; 9(3): 381-390.doi: 10.2174/156800909788166637.