Author(s): Sanggap Indra Sitompul, Budi Susetyo Pikir, Shafira Kurnia Supandi, Monika Estherlita Sinta

Email(s): sgp.perki@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00067   

Address: Sanggap Indra Sitompul1,2*, Budi Susetyo Pikir3, Shafira Kurnia Supandi4, Monika Estherlita Sinta5
1Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
2Cardiologist, Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangka Raya, Indonesia.
3Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
4Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
5Periodontist, Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangka Raya, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 16,      Issue - 1,     Year - 2023


ABSTRACT:
Chronic periodontitis is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), including Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), which causes inflammation. CRP, IL-6, leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes are inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to evaluate CRP, IL6, leukocytes, and NLR effect on chronic periodontitis in ACS patients. A total of 60 ACS patients who underwent coronary angiography were used in this study. Coronary artery assessment was measured based on QCA coronary angiography. Periodontal status measured were Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), and Periodontal Index (PI). The normal-mild limit values of chronic periodontitis were periodontal depth (PD) <4mm, while the moderate-severe of chronic periodontitis was PD = 4 mm. Correlation of CRP, IL-6, leukocytes, and NLR to chronic periodontitis was determined by the Spearman correlation test, followed by path analysis using smartPLS software version 3.0. Additionally, the Goodness of Fit analysis and logistic regression was also conducted. Moderate-severe and normal-mild of chronic periodontitis were found in 45 patients (75%) and 15 patients (25%), respectively. OHI-S, BOP, and PI in moderate-severe chronic periodontitis were significantly higher than in the normal-mild chronic periodontitis group (p<0.05). A comparison of CRP, IL-6, leukocytes and NLR showed no significant value (p>0.05) in both groups. There was no significant positive relationship between CRP, IL-6, leukocytes, and NLR with chronic periodontitis. No direct effect of CRP, IL-6, leukocytes and NLR on chronic periodontitis was found, but female sex and smoking directly affected chronic periodontitis (p<0.05). Female and smoking patients had a higher risk of developing more severe chronic periodontitis with a female OR value of 6.916 (95% CI: 0.470 – 101.798), while the OR smoking was 10.759(95% CI: 1.064 – 108.762). ACS patients were dominated by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and had worse OHI-S, BOP, and PI. There were no significant effects of CRP, IL-6, leukocytes, and NLR on chronic periodontitis. Our findings revealed a significant direct effect and a high risk of female sex and smoking against chronic periodontitis on ACS patients.


Cite this article:
Sanggap Indra Sitompul, Budi Susetyo Pikir, Shafira Kurnia Supandi, Monika Estherlita Sinta. Effect of CRP, IL-6, Leukocytes, NLR on Chronic Periodontitis in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023; 16(1):391-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00067

Cite(Electronic):
Sanggap Indra Sitompul, Budi Susetyo Pikir, Shafira Kurnia Supandi, Monika Estherlita Sinta. Effect of CRP, IL-6, Leukocytes, NLR on Chronic Periodontitis in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023; 16(1):391-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00067   Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2023-16-1-67


REFERENCES:
1.    Ford TJ, Corcoran D and Berry C. Stable coronary syndromes: Pathophysiology, diagnostic advances and therapeutic need. Heart. 2018; 104(4): 284-292. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311446.
2.    Kimura K. JCS Guidelines JCS 2018 Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome. 2019; 83(May): 1085-1196. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0133.
3.    Ralapanawa U, Sivakanesan R. Epidemiology and the Magnitude of Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome : A Narrative Review. 2021; 11: 169-177.
4.    Malakar AK. A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2019; 234(10): 16812-16823. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28350.
5.    Dean K. ScienceDirect Coronary Atherosclerosis : Pathophysiologic Basis for Diagnosis and Management. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2016: 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.04.003.
6.    Yakob M, Meurman JH, Jogestrand T, Nowak J, Söder PÖ, Söder B. C-reactive protein in relation to early atherosclerosis and periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig. 2012; 16(1): 259-65. doi: 10.1007/s00784-010-0487-6.
7.    Meurman JH, Sanz M. Oral Health, Atherosclerosis, and  Cardiovascular Disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004; 15(6): 403-413.
8.    Hajishengallis G. Periodontitis : from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. Nature Publishing Group. 2015; 15(1): 30-44. doi: 10.1038/nri3785.
9.    Bokhari SA. Association of periodontal and cardiovascular diseases: South-Asian studies 2001-2012. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2015; 19(5): 495-500. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.157876.
10.    Janakiram C, Dye BA. A public health approach for prevention of periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000. 2020; 84(1): 202-214. doi: 10.1111/prd.12337.
11.    Lockhart PB. Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease: Does the evidence support an independent association?: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2012; 125(20): 2520-2544. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31825719f3.
12.    Rydén L. Periodontitis Increases the Risk of a First Myocardial Infarction: A Report from the PAROKRANK Study. Circulation. 2016; 133(6): 576-583. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.020324.
13.    Puspitaningrum MS, Rahmadhani D, Rizqianti Y, Ridwan RD, Ansori ANM, Fadholly A, Susilo RJK, Ramadhani NF, Nugraha AP. The combination of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and platelet rich plasma in periodontal ligament stem cells for jaw osteomyelitis therapy: A review. Bichem Cell Arch. 2020; 20: 3015-3021.
14.    Alena Y. Frolova, Svetlana D. Chernyavskikh, Huu Quyet Do, Van Thanh Vo. The Effect of the Incubation Temperature on Morphological and Physical Parameters of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Erythrocytes and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(3): 795-798. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00150.0
15.    Chandy S. Evaluation of c-reactive protein and fibrinogen in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis: A clinico-biochemical study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2017; 11(3): ZC41-ZC45. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/23100.9552.
16.    Jiji J, Pamela E, Ambalavanan, Esha. Comparative Evaluation of Adjunctive Use of Locally Delivered Tetracycline Fiber (Actisite) With Scaling and Root Planning in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitisa Clinical Study. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 6(1): Jan. 2013; Page 90-95.
17.    Esteves-Lima RP. Association between periodontitis and serum c-reactive protein levels. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2020; 12(9): e838-e843. doi: 10.4317/jced.57041.
18.    Prahasanti C, Nugraha AP, Kharisma VD, Ansori ANM, Ridwan RD, Putri TPS, Narmada IB, Ardani IGAW, Ramadhani NF, Noor TNEBA. A bioinformatic approach of hydroxyapatite and polymethylmethacrylate composite exploration as dental implant biomaterial. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res. 2021; 9(5): 746–754.
19.    Yang C. Meta-analysis of the relationship between interleukin-6 levels and the prognosis and severity of acute coronary syndrome. Clinics. 2021; (Ldl): 1-7. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2690.
20.    Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ. Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection. Frontiers in Immunology. 2018; 9(apr): 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754.
21.    Swarnalatha. Y. Isolation of Flavonoids and their Anticancer Activity from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides in A549 Cell Line. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 8(4): April, 2015; Page 462-467.
22.    Balta S. The Relation between Atherosclerosis and the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2016; 22(5): 405–411. doi: 10.1177/1076029615569568.
23.    Ybarra LF, Rinfret S and Stone GW. Definitions and Clinical Trial Design Principles for Coronary Artery Chronic Total Occlusion Therapies CTO-ARC Consensus Recommendations. Circulation. 2021; 143: 479-500. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046754.
24.    Górska R. Periodontal status of survivors of acute myocardial infarction: A case-control study. Postepy Higieny i Medycyny Doswiadczalnej. 2019; 73: 92-101. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.0621.
25.    Jyotsna Sanjeevi, Priyalochana Gajendran. Role of Interleukin 1 in serum in Chronic Periodontitis -A Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2017; 10(11): 4090-4092. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00741.7
26.    Hansen GM. Relation of Periodontitis to Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality (From a Danish Nationwide Cohort Study). The American Journal of Cardiology. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.05.036.
27.    Naderi S, Merchant AT. The Association Between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease: an Update. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2020; 9;22(10): 20-24. doi: 10.1007/s11883-020-00878-0.
28.    Mokshi R. Jain, Gheena .S, Gopinath. P. Comparison of Aerobic Bacteria in Saliva Samples of Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Patients- An in Vitro Study. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2016; 9(8):1183-1186. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00226.2
29.    Wojtkowska A. The inflammation link between periodontal disease and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes : case – control study. BMC Oral Health. 20121: 1-17. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01356-4.
30.    Etemadifar R. Relationship between periodontal status and C-reactive protein and interleuckin-6 levels among atherosclerotic patients in Bandar Abbas, Iran in 2014. Electronic physician. 2015; 7(1): 1010-106. doi: 10.14661/2015.1010-1016.
31.    Delange N. Periodontal disease and its connection to systemic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in young american Indian/Alaskan natives. Journal of Periodontology. 2018; 89(2): 219–227. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0319.
32.    Widén C. Systemic inflammatory impact of periodontitis on acute coronary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Periodontology.2016; 43(9): 713-719. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12540.
33.    Kampits C. Periodontal disease and inflammatory blood cytokines in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2016; 24(4): 352-358. doi: 10.1590/1678-775720160082.
34.    Torrungruang K. Mediation analysis of systemic inflammation on the association between periodontitis and glycemic status. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2018: 548-556. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12884.
35.    Krejci CB, Bissada NF. Women’s health issues and their relationship to periodontitis Charlene. Jada. 2002; 133(March): 323–329. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0171.
36.    Mse HC. Role of Periodontal Infection, Inflammation and Immunity in Atherosclerosis. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2020: 100638. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100638.
37.    Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Links between atherosclerotic and periodontal disease. Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Elsevier B.V. 2016; 220-235. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.01.006.
38.    Rize BA, Budi P, Ratna DJ, Ivon DW, Widjiati, Agus S. Folic Acid Supplementation on Placental Interleukin-6 And Offspring Growth in Prenatal Stress Mice Model. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(8):4371-4. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00759
39.    Monika Gaba, Punam Gaba, Sarbjot Singh, Neelima Dhingra. Inhibition of Lfa-1/Icam-1 Interaction: A Therapeutic Strategy for Surmounting Inflammation. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 5(1): 2015; 37-47. DOI: 10.5958/2231-5691.2015.00006.4
40.    Janhvi M, Asha. Anti-Protease Activity of Lavender on Chronic Periodontitis Patients – An Ex-Vivo Study. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2020; 10(2):95-100. Doi: 10.5958/2231-5691.2020.00018.0
41.    Sonali Munne, D.V. Parwate, V.N. Ingle, D.S. Panchbhai, V.S. Nagpurkar. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Gamma Irradiated and Unirradiated Citrus Medica Empty Juice Sacs. Asian J. Research Chem. 4(6): June, 2011; 957-959.
42.    Meena, Shiny, Kumaran S, Pallavi G, Rajasekar D. Molecular Docking Of 3, 5, 7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)-4h-Chromen-4-One Derivatives Against Il-6 For Rheumatoid Arthritis. Asian J. Research Chem. 4(8): August, 2011; 1254-1257.

Recomonded Articles:

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (RJPT) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal.... Read more >>>

RNI: CHHENG00387/33/1/2008-TC                     
DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X 

1.3
2021CiteScore
 
56th percentile
Powered by  Scopus


SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Journal Policies & Information


Recent Articles




Tags


Not Available