Author(s):
Benni Iskandar, Gressy Novita, Fiona Fitri Annisa, Leny, Ihsanul Hafiz, Meircurius D.C. Surboyo, Ching-Kuo Lee
Email(s):
leny@helvetia.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00452
Address:
Benni Iskandar1,4, Gressy Novita1, Fiona Fitri Annisa1, Leny2*, Ihsanul Hafiz2, Meircurius D.C. Surboyo3, Ching-Kuo Lee4
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
2Faculty of Pharmacy and Health, Institut Kesehatan Helvetia, Medan, Indonesia.
3Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
4School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 15,
Issue - 6,
Year - 2022
ABSTRACT:
Moringa leaves contains flavonoids which has the activity of free radical scavenging or as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to formulate the water insoluble extract of Moringa leaves into emulgel dosage forms in various concentrations to produce a stable preparation during storage and have antioxidant activity. The formulation of the emulgel preparation was made by varying the concentration of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves at 0%(F0), 0.5%(FI), 1%(FII), and 2%(FIII). The study examined the emulgel preparation including organoleptic test, irritation test, pH test, homogeneity test, emulsion type test, spreadability test, freeze and thaw stability and antioxidant properties by using DPPH method. The results showed that all emulgel preparations were stable during storage, did not irritate, pH value between 5.50-6.04, homogeneous preparation, emulsion type was oil on water phase (o/w), spreadability between 3.2-3.9cm, IC50 from ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was 135.539ppm. For emulgel preparation, FIII formulation showed best activity compared to another formula in its capacity which was 192.48 ppm for 1st week storage and 292.94ppm for the 8th week storage. The conclusion of this study shows that emulgel containing Moringa leaf extract has antioxidant activity and stable in physical properties during storage.
Cite this article:
Benni Iskandar, Gressy Novita, Fiona Fitri Annisa, Leny, Ihsanul Hafiz, Meircurius D.C. Surboyo, Ching-Kuo Lee. Evaluation of Physical Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera LAM) Formulated in Emulgel Preparation. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(6):2703-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00452
Cite(Electronic):
Benni Iskandar, Gressy Novita, Fiona Fitri Annisa, Leny, Ihsanul Hafiz, Meircurius D.C. Surboyo, Ching-Kuo Lee. Evaluation of Physical Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera LAM) Formulated in Emulgel Preparation. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(6):2703-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00452 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2022-15-6-56
REFERENCES:
1. Navnidhi C et al. Health Benefits and Safety Considerations of Moringa oleifera L.: An Updated Review. Nutr. Food Sci 2020; 51(2): 255–277. doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040091
2. Ferreira PMP. Farias DF. Oliveira JT. Carvalho AFU. Moringa oleifera: Bioactive Compounds and Nutritional Potential. Rev. Nutr 2008; 21(4): 431–437. doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732008000400007
3. Saucedo-Pompa S et al. Moringa Plants: Bioactive Compounds and Promising Applications in Food Products. Food Res. Int 2018; 111: 438–450. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.062
4. Pachava VR. Krishnamurthy PT. Dahapal SP. Chinthamaneni PK. An updated review on “Miracle tree”: Moringa oleifera. Res. J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem 2018; 10(1): 101-108. doi.org/10.5958/0975-4385.2018.00016.X
5. Vats S. Gupta T. Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. from Rajasthan, India. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants 2017; 23: 239–248. doi.org/10.1007/s12298-016-0407-6
6. Verma AR. Vijayakumar M. Mathela CS. Rao CV. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Different Fractions of Moringa oleifera Leaves. Food Chem. Toxicol 2009; 47(9): 2196–2201. doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.005
7. Sreelatha S. Padma PR. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Two Stages of Maturity. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr 2009; 64(4): 303-311. doi.org/10.1007/s11130-009-0141-0.
8. Vázquez-León L et al. Variation in Bioactive Compounds and Antiradical Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaves: Influence of Climatic Factors, Tree Age, and Soil Parameters. Eur. Food Res. Technol 2017; 243: 1593–1608. doi.org/10.1007/s00217-017-2868-4
9. Nobossé P. Fombang EN. Mbofung CMF. Effects of Age and Extraction Solvent on Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Fresh Moringa oleifera L. Leaves. Food Sci. Nutr 2018; 6(8): 2188–2198. doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.783
10. Eswaraiah S. Swetha K. Lohita MP. Jaya Preethi B. Priyanka Kiran Kumar Reddy. Emulgel: Review on Novel Approach to Topical Drug Delivery. Asian J. Pharm. Res 2014; 4 (1): 04-11
11. Ajazuddin et al. Recent Expansions in an Emergent Novel Drug Delivery Technology: Emulgel. J. Control. Release 2013; 171(2): 122–132. doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.030
12. Ashara K. Soniwala M. Shah K. Emulgel: A Novel Drug Delivery System. J. Pakistan Assoc. Dermatologists. 2016; 26(3): 244–249.
13. Azwanida N. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants , Principle , Strength and Limitation. Med Aromat Plants 2015; 4(3): 3–8. doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000196
14. P. Sairam. Somsubhra Ghosh, Satyabrata Jena, K.N.V Rao, David Banji. Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)-An Overview. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci 2012; 2(3): 112-120.
15. Fitriana WD. Ersam T. Shimizu K. Fatmawati S. Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera Extracts. Indones J Chem 2016; 16(3): 297–301
16. Pratiksha V. Shrikhande. Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Topical Anti-Inflammatory Emulgel. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2013; 6(1): 118-122.
17. Leny. Ginting EE. Hafiz I. Formulation and Evaluation of Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana L.) oil in gel preparation. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 2020; 8(5): 41–43. doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i5.842
18. Shen Y et al. Formulation and Evaluation of Cyclosporin A Emulgel for Ocular Delivery. Drug Deliv 2015; 22(7): 911–917.
19. Pertiwi D et al. Antibacterial Activities of Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Ethyl Acetate Extract on Gel Formulated Against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J. Appl. Pharm 2020; 12(6): 224–228. doi/org/10.22159/ijap.2020v12i6.39406
20. Pertiwi D. Hafiz I. Salma R. Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) Gel against P.acnes. Indones. J. Pharm. Clin. Res 2019; 2(1): 1-6. doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v2i1.869
21. Archita JP. Dharati MJ. Manisha S. Choyal. Bhargav D. Patel. Development and validation of stability indicating HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of Fluocinolone acetonide and Miconazole nitrate in Ointment. Asian J. Pharm. Ana 2015; 5(2): 49-60.
22. Lestari U. Lestari I. Syam NR. Antioxidant Activity and Irritation Test of Peel Off Gel Mask of Pure Palm Oil as Emollient. International Conference on Pharmaceutical Research and Practice 2018; 182-185.
23. Samein LH. Preparation and Evaluation of Nystatin-Loaded Solid-Lipid-Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery. Asian J. Pharm. Res 2014; 4(1): 44-51.
24. Torre MP. Cavero RY. Calvo MI. Vizmanos JL. A Simple and a Reliable Method to Quantify Antioxidant Activity in Vivo. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(142): 1-11. doi.org/0.3390/antiox8050142
25. Jadhav GB. Saudagar RB. Free radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activity of Punica granatum Linn. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci 2014; 4(2): 51-54.
26 Madhu CH. Swapna J. Neelima K. Shah MV. A Comparative Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Popularly Used in India. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci 2012; 2(3). 98-100.
27. Li B. Sun DW. Novel Methods for Rapid Freezing and Thawing of Foods – A Review. J. Food Eng 2002; 54(3): 175–182.
28. Izutsu KI. Applications of Freezing and Freeze-Drying in Pharmaceutical Formulations. in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (eds. Iwaya-Inoue, M., Sakurai, M. & Uemura, M.) 371–383.Springer, 2018. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_20.
29. Leny et al. The Moisturizing Sheet Mask Formulation of Black Soybean (Glycine soja) Ethanolic Extract. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology. 2020; 29(4): 9045–9051.
30. Hafiz I. Rosidah. Silalahi J. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of pagoda leaves (clerodendrum paniculatum l.) ethanolic extract in white male rats (Rattus novergicus). Int. J. PharmTech Res. 2016; 9(5) 165–170.
31. Hafiz I. Ginting M. Yuermaileni. Antioxidant Activity of Pagoda Flower (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) Ethanol Extract using Visible Spectrophotometric Method. Indones. J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2019; 2(2): 14–19. doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v2i2.2060
32. Bobo-Garcia G et al. Intra‐Laboratory Validation of Microplate Methods for Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity on Polyphenolic Extracts, and Comparison with Conventional Spectrophotometric Methods. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2014; 95(1): 204–209.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6706
33. Prieto MA. Rodrigues-Amado I. Vazquez JA. Murado MA. β-Carotene Assay Revisited. Application To Characterize and Quantify Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activities in a Microplate. J. Agric. Food Chem 2012; 60(36): 8983–8993.doi.org/10.1021/jf302218g
34. Wu HY. Yang KM. Chiang PY. Roselle Anthocyanins: Antioxidant Properties and Stability to Heat and pH. Molecules 2018; 23(1357): 1–13. doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061357
35. Leny. Karsono. Harahap U. Comparison of Vitamin C (Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate) Formulation in Nanoemulsion Spray and Cream as Anti-aging. International Journal of PharmTech Research 2016; 9(9): 399-407.
36. Hilmi Y. Abushama MF. Abdalgadir H. Khalid A. Khalid H. A study of antioxidant activity, enzymatic inhibition and in vitro toxicity of selected traditional sudanese plants with anti-diabetic potential. BMC Complement. Altern. Med 2014; 14(1): 149. doi.org/ 10.1186/1472-6882-14-149
37. Kryscio DR et al. Spreadability Measurements to Assess Structural Equivalence (Q3) of Topical Formulations—A Technical Note. Aaps Pharmscitech 2008; 9(2): 84–86.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-007-9009-5
38. Fahr A. Voigt’s Pharmaceutical Technology. John Wiley & Sons 2018.
39. Correa CR et al. Composition and stability of phytochemicals in five varieties of black soybeans (Glycine max). Food Chem 2010; 123(4): 1176–1184. doi.org/10.1007/s10068-016-0240-2
40. Iskandar B. Karsono. Silalahi J. Preparation of Spray Nanoemulsion and Cream Containing Vitamin E as Anti-Aging Product Tested in Vitro and in Vivo Method 2016; 9(6): 307-315.
41. Volkert MA. Klein BP. Protein Dispersibility and Emulsion Characteristics of Four Soy Products. J. Food Sci 1979; 44: 93–96.
42. Marjoni MR. Zulfisa A. Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract/Fractions of Senggani Leaves (Melastoma candidum D. Don). Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta 2017; 8(8): 1-6. doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000557
43. Vaishnav A. Chandy A. Jhade D. Rai S. Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Studies on Moringa olifera Leaves. Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2011; 3(6): 272-274.
44. Shamim QM. Jitendra P. Reddy AV. Safiullah S. Mohapatra P. Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics 2010; 2(2):183-186.