Author(s): Geetha Kandasamy

Email(s): glakshmi@kku.edu.sa

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00847   

Address: Geetha Kandasamy
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 14,      Issue - 9,     Year - 2021


ABSTRACT:
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affects up to 20% of reproductive-aged women and contribute to marked impairment of interpersonal or workplace performance in about 3-8%. Thus, a study was conducted to find out the frequency of PMS in Saudi female population using modified Moos menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ) and assess the severity of emotional, physical, and behavioural symptoms. Method: The pharmacists-led cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from January to April 2020 among the female population in Asir region, Saudi Arabia. The study questionnaire was first distributed to university students and was requested to pass it on to their family members and others. Results: There was a total of 383 public responded to our study, whereas 60 responses were excluded due to incomplete data. Among the respondents, majority were between the age group of 21¬ to 25 years (n=167; 51.7%), students (n=209; 64.7%), single (n=224; 69.3%). Most of the respondents in all age groups experienced any one of these PMS ranging from moderate to severe intensity. Under every domain of the PMS, most reported severe mood swing as the negative effects by 121 (37.5%); in cognitive symptoms, mild lack of concentration by 117 (36.2%); in fluid retention, breast pain by 101 (31.3%); in behaviour change, mild lack of performance by 111 (34.4%); in somatic symptoms, severe body aches by 132 (40.9%); and in autonomic reactions, mild sweats by 81 (25.1%), respondents. Among the respondents, negative effects, behaviour change, and somatic symptoms were commonly seen with varying intensity which was ranging from 15.5% to 37.5%, 9.9% to 34.4%, and 14.2% to 40.9%, respectively. Conclusion: A considerable high prevalence of PMS was found among the study population. Healthcare professionals especially pharmacists involvement is highly required to conduct health education and awareness programs, and counselling services for female population on symptoms of PMS and prevention through lifestyle modification.


Cite this article:
Geetha Kandasamy. Pre-menstrual syndrome among the general female population of Saudi Arabia: Are there any Opportunities for Pharmacist’s involvement in patients education?. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(9):4875-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00847

Cite(Electronic):
Geetha Kandasamy. Pre-menstrual syndrome among the general female population of Saudi Arabia: Are there any Opportunities for Pharmacist’s involvement in patients education?. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(9):4875-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00847   Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-14-9-61


REFERENCES:
1.    Rapkin AJ. New treatment approaches for premenstrual disorders. Am J Manag Care 2005; 11: S480-91.
2.    Wilhelm H, Cronje A, Studd J. Premenstrual syndrome. In: Studd J. Progress in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol 15. 1st ed. London: Churchill Livingstone 2003, 169-83.
3.    Nazish Rafique, Mona H. Al-Sheikh. Prevalence of menstrual problems and their association with psychological stress in young female students studying health sciences. Saudi Med J 2018; 39 (1): 67-73. doi: 10.15537/smj.2018.1.21438.
4.    Campbell EM, Peterkin D, O’Grady K, Sanson-Fisher R. Premenstrual symptoms in general practice patients. Prevalence and treatment. J Reprod Med 1997; 42: 637-46.
5.    Steiner M, Macdougall M, Brown E. The premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) for clinicians. Arch Womens Ment Health 2003; 6: 203-9.
6.    Derman O, Kanbur NO, Tokur TE, Kutluk T. Premenstrual syndrome and associated symptoms in adolescent girls. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 116: 201-6.
7.    World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related problems, 10th revision (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO: 1992.
8.    Johnson SR. The epidemiology and social impact of premenstrual symptoms. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1987; 30: 367-76.
9.    M. Edlund, R.A. Kadir, S. Von Mackensen, The impact of menstrual disorders on quality of life in women with inherited bleeding disorders. Hemophilia. 2010; 6: 832–839.
10.    Endicott J, Amsterdam J, Eriksson E, Frank E, Freeman E, Hirschfeld R, et al. Is premenstrual dysphoric disorder a distinct clinical entity? J Womens Health Gend Based Med.1999; 8: 663-79.
11.    American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: APA Press; 2012: 465–475.
12.    Clare AW, Wiggins RD. The construction of a modified version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire for use in General Practice populations. In Carenza L, Zichella L, eds. Emotion and Reproduction. Vol20, London: Academic Press, 1979: 191-7 (18).
13.    Moos RH. The Development of A Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. Psychosom Med 1968;30: 1986; 48: 388-414.
14.    Tschudin, S, Bertea, P.C, Zemp, E. Prevalence and predictors of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a population-based sample. Arch. Women’s Ment. Health 2010; 13: 485–494.
15.    Pathak K, Udapi G. A study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Psychological Problems of Premenstrual and its Management among Adolescent girls at Selected PU College of Belgaum City, with a View to Develop Informational Booklet. Asian J. Nursing Research. 2017; 7 (1): 9-11.
16.    Noman Ul Haq, Sapna Gill, Aqeel Nasim, Maria Tahir, Riffat Yasmin, Fakhra Batool et al. Prevalence and impact of premenstrual syndrome among the female nursing students of Quetta. Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2019; 9 (2): 239-242.
17.    Singh P, Kumar S, Kaur H, Swami M, Soni A, Shah R, et al. Cross-sectional identification of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among college students: A preliminary study. Indian J Priv Psychiatry 2015; 9: 21 7.
18.    Mahesh A, Tirmizi SZ, Sanwer Ali S. Frequency and associated factors of premenstrual syndrome in medical college girls. Med Channel. 2011; 17.
19.    Algahtani, H.M, Jahrami, H.A. The Experience and Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome among a Saudi Sample using a newly Developed Arabic Language Scale. Arab. J. Psychiatry 2014, 25, 33–39.
20.    P. Padmavathi, Raja Sankar, N. Kokilavani. A Descriptive study to Assess the Premenstrual Synddorme and Coping Behaviour amng Adolescents Girls in selected chool, Erode. Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2014; 4 (4): 489-491.
21.    Rad M, Sabzevary MT, Dehnavi ZM. Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome in female high school students. J Edu Health Promot 2018; 7:64. 10.4103/jehp.jehp-126-17.
22.    Daley A. Exercise and premenstrual symptomatology: a comprehensive review. J Women Health (Larchmt). 2009; 18:895–9. doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.1098.
23.    Kamat SV, Nimbalkar A, Phatak AG, Nimbalkar SM. Premenstrual syndrome in Anand District, Gujarat: A cross-sectional survey. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8: 640-7.
24.    Balaha M, Amr MA, Moghannum M, Muhaida N. The phenomenology of premenstrual syndrome in female medical students: a cross sectional study. Pan Afr Med J. 2010;5. https://doi.org/10.4314/pamj.v5i1.56194.
25.    Malhotra P, Sharma SK, Kaur R, Urvashi, Vanshika, Gaur R, Mugdal SK . Pre-menstrual syndrome and health related quality of life among young adult females at Northern India: A cross-sectional study. Clin Psychiatry. 2020; 6 (1): 65.
26.    Kelbessa B, Buzinesh G, Fikiru N, Buzinesh B, Ababa T, Aregash S et al. Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Coping Mechanism among Female Students of Guder Preparatory School, West Shawa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. RRJMHS 2017; 6: 12-18.
27.    Folkman S, Lazarus RS, Dunkel-Schetter C, DeLongis A, Gruen RJ: Dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986;50:992–1003.
28.    Dalia A, Abdulrhman A, Mona A, Amjad A. Int. J. Environ. Res.Public Health. 2021; 18: 4589.
29.    Varinderpal K, Anubala, Harpreet K, Kavisha Y, Kumari R, Priya K, Sapna A et al. A descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Pre-menstrual syndrome among Adolescent Girls in selected Community area in the year 2020. Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2021; 9(2): 222-224.

Recomonded Articles:

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (RJPT) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal.... Read more >>>

RNI: CHHENG00387/33/1/2008-TC                     
DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X 

1.3
2021CiteScore
 
56th percentile
Powered by  Scopus


SCImago Journal & Country Rank


Recent Articles




Tags


Not Available