Author(s):
Nyi Mekar Saptarini, Dytha Andri Deswati
Email(s):
nyi.mekar@unpad.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00907 
Address:
Nyi Mekar Saptarini1*, Dytha Andri Deswati2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia – 45363.
2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Al Ghifari University, West Java, Indonesia – 40293.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 14,
Issue - 10,
Year - 2021
ABSTRACT:
Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is used as an analgesic and antipyretic by the Indonesian people, empirically. The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic and antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of sapan wood leaves in Webster mice as experimental animals. The writhing method was used to determine the analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced mice with mefenamic acid as a positive control. The temperature reduction method was used to determine the antipyretic activity in yeast-induced mice with paracetamol as a positive control. One-way ANOVA was conducted for statistical analysis, followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Phytochemical screening showed that sappan wood contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. The optimum dose of analgesic and antipyretic activity was 6.3 mg and 8.4 mg/20 g BW of mice, respectively. The conclusion was ethanolic extract of sappan wood leaves has analgesic and antipyretic activities.
Cite this article:
Nyi Mekar Saptarini, Dytha Andri Deswati. Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Leaves. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(10):5213-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00907
Cite(Electronic):
Nyi Mekar Saptarini, Dytha Andri Deswati. Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Leaves. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(10):5213-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00907 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-14-10-25
REFERENCES:
1. Utomo BI. Caesalpinia L. In: van Valkenburg JLCH, Bunyapraphatsara
N. Editors. Plant resources of South-East Asia: Medicinal and poisionous plants 2. Prosea Foundation. Indonesia. 2002; pp. 123-29.
2. Sundari D. Information on the Safety and Phytochemical Efficacy of Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.). In: Indonesian National Medicinal Plants Working Group. News of Indonesian Medicinal Plants. vol 4. Jakarta. 1998, pp: 1-6.
3. Dalimartha S. Atlas of Indonesian Medicinal Plants. vol 6. Trubus Agriwidya. Jakarta. 2009, pp: 13-56.
4. Mar W, Lee HT, Je KH, Choi HY, Seo EK. A DNA strand-nicking principle of a higher plant, Caesalpinia sappan. Arch Pharm Res. 2003; 26(2): 147-50.
5. Bae IK, Min HY, Han AR, Seo EK, Lee SK. Suppression of lipopolysacchride-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by brazilin in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005; 513(3): 237-42.
6. Hassan HS, Sule MI, Musa MA, Emmanuel AA, Ibrahim H, Hassan AS, Yaro AH. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the saponins extract of Carissa edulis root in rodents. Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2010; 4(4): 1310-17.
7. Saptarini NM, Deswita DA. The Antipyretic Activity of Leaves Extract of Ceiba pentandra Better than Gossypium arboreum. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2015; 5(7): 118-21.
8. Farnsworth NR. Biological and Phytochemycal Screening of Plants. J Pharm Sci. 1996; 1: 55-59.
9. Pudjiastuti P, Hendarti N. Study for some medicinal plants as analgesic. Health Research and Development Media. 1999; 9(3): 1-6.
10. Nair AB, Jacob S. A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2016; 7(2): 27-31.
11. Vogel HG. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity. In: Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays. 2nd ed. vol 2. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Germany. 2002, pp: 716-27.
12. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia Supplements. Jakarta. 2010, pp: 89-92.
13. Kaur H, Amini MH, Prabhakar PK, Singh A, Suttee A, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. Leaves. Int J Pharmacognosy and Phytochem Res. 2016; 8(6): 1040- 45.
14. Gunasekaran B, Muralidharan P, Pandiselvi A, Amutha P. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Res J Pharm Tech. 2008, 1(3): 179-81.
15. Bensreti MM, Sewell RD. Selective effects of dopaminergic modifiers on antinociception produced by different opioid receptor agonists. Pro Br Pharmacol Soc. 1983; 70:1-4.
16. Headley PM, Shaughnessy CT. Evidence for opiate and dopamine interaction in striatum. Br J Pharmacol. 1985; 86: 700-5.
17. Wigdor S, Wilcox GL. Central and systemic morphine-induced antinociception in mice: Contribution descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1987; 242: 90-4.
18. Gené RM, Segura L, Adzet T. Heterothecainuloides: antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. J Ethnopharmacol. 1989; 60: 157-62.
19. Paulino N, Dantas AP, Bankova V, Longhi DT, Scremin A, Decastro SL, et al. Bulgarian propolis induces analgesics and antiinflammatory effects in mice and inhibits in-vitro contraction of airway smooth muscle. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003; 93: 307-13.
20. Paul S, Saha D. Analgesic activity of methanol extract of Plumbago indica (L.) by acetic acid induced writhing method. Asian J Pharm Tech. 2012; 2(2):74-76.
21. Bentley GA, Newton SH, Starr J. Studies on the Anti-nociceptive Action of Agonist Drugs and their Interaction with Opioid Mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol. 1983; 79: 125-31.
22. Derardt R, Jongney S, Delevalcee F. Release of Prostaglandin E and F in an analgesic Reaction and its Inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol. 1980; 51: 17-24.
23. Dipiro J, Talbert R, Yee G, Matzke G, Wells B, Posey L. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach. New York, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc; 2008.
24. Irene MV, Arlyn CS. Cassiaindoline, a new analgesic and anti- inflammatory alkaloid from Cassia alata. Z Naturforsch C. 2009; 64: 335-38.
25. Kaleem WA, Muhammad N, Qayum M, Khan H, Khan A, Aliberti L, Vincenzo DF. Antinociceptive activity of cyclopeptide alkaloids isolated from Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew (Rhamnaceae). Fitoterapia. 2013; 91: 154-58.
26. Fagner CL, Jaime RF, Hermann FC, Paula RRS, Andrea SC, Alan BC, de Almeida RN, Dias Cda S, Bozza PT, Piuvezam MR. Curine, an alkaloid isolated from Chondrodendron platyphyllum inhibits prostaglandin E2 in experimental models of inflammation and pain. Planta Med. 2014; 80: 1072-78.
27. Muhammad N, Shrestha RL, Adhikari A, Wadood A, Khan H, Khan AZ, Maione F, Mascolo N, De Feo V. First evidence of the analgesic activity of govaniadine, an alkaloid isolated from Corydalis govaniana Wall. Nat Prod Res. 2014; 29: 430-37.
28. Velaga VSA, Suryadevara N, Ying RTC, Ponmurugan P, Devi G. Analgesic activity of Annona squamosal Linn fruit peels in Swiss Albino mice. Res J Pharm Tech. 2020; 13(7): 3199-204.
29. Anjaneyulu M, Chopra K. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid, attenuates thermal hyperalgesia in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiat. 2003; 27: 1001-5.
30. Filho AW, Filho VC, Olinger L, de Souza MM. Quercetin: further investigation of its antinociceptive properties and mechanisms of action. Arch Pharm Res. 2008; 31(6): 713-21.
31. Vale´rio DA, Georgetti SR, Magro DA, Casagrande R, Cunha TM, Vicentini FT, Vieira SM, Fonseca MJ, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, Verri WA Jr. Quercetin reduces inflammatory pain: inhibition of oxidative stress and cytokine production. J Nat Prod. 2009; 72(11): 1975-79.
32. Vidyalakshmi K, Kamalakannan P, Viswanathan S, Ramaswamy S. Antinociceptive effect of certain dihydroxy flavones in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010; 96: 1-6.
33. Ghokade RS, Chikhali US, Shinde AD, Patil SB, Naikwade NS. Experimental study of analgesic activity of Canajus cajan Linn Leaves in Mice. Res J Sci Tech. 2011; 3(3): 161-3.
34. Reichert JA, Daughters RS, Simone DA. Peripheral and pre- emptive opioid antinociception in a mouse visceral pain model pain. Pain. 2001; 89(2-3): 221-27.
35. Shehu A, Olurishe TO, Zezi AU, Ahmed A. Saponin and flavonoid- rich fractions of Laggera aurita Linn. f. produce central analgesia in murine models of pain. Nig J Pharm Sci. 2016; 15(1): 60-69.
36. Alzubier AA, Okechukwu PN. Investigation of antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect of Yemeni Sid honey. World Acad Sci Eng Tech. 2011; 80: 47-52.
37. Paschapur MS, Patil S, Patil SR, Kumar R, Patil MB. Evaluation of analgesic and antipyretic activities of ethanolic extract of male flowers (inflorescences) of Borassus flabellifer L (Areaceae). Int J Phar Pharm Sci, 2009; 1(2): 98-106.
38. Igbe I, Ozolua RI, Okpo SO, Obasuyi O. Antipyretic and analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of the Fruit pulp of Hunteria umbellata K Schum (Apocynaceae). Trop J Pharm Res. 2009; 8: 331-36.
39. Bhaskar VH, Balakrishnan N. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities of Pergularia daemia and Carissa carandas. DARU. 2009; 17(3): 168-17.
40. Buppachart P, Meeploy M, Giwanon R, Benmart Y, Kaewduang M, Supatanakul W. Biological Activities of Asparagus racemosus. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008; 5(3): 230-37.
41. Reshmi SK, Sathya E, Devi PS. Isolation of piperdine from Piper nigrum and its antiproliferative activity. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010; 4: 562-73.
42. El-Hamss R, Idaomar M, Alonso-Moraga A, MuñozSerrano A. Antimutagenic properties of bell and black peppers. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003; 41: 41-47.
43. Parganiha R, Verma S, Chandrakar S, Pal S, Sawarkar HA, Kashyap P. In vitro anti-asthmatic activity of fruit extract of Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). Int J Herbal Drug Res. 2011; 1: 15-18.
44. Sunila ES, Kuttan G. Immunomodulatory and antitumour activity of
Piper longum Linn. and Piperine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 90: 339-46.
45. Zakaria Z, Wen LY, Rahman NIA, Ayub AHA, Sulaiman MR, Gopalan HK. Antinociceptive, AntiInflammatory and Antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves in experimental animals. Med Principles and Practice. 2007; 16: 443-49.
46. Adesokan AA, Yakubu MT, Owoyele BV, Akanji MA, Soladoye AO, Lawal O. Effect of administration of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Enantia chlorantha stem bark on brewer’s yeast induced pyresis in rats. Afr J Biochem. 2008; 2: 165-69.
47. Taiwe GS, Bum EN, Dimo T, Talla E, Sidiki NWN, Dawe A, Moto FCO, Desire P, Waard M. Antipyretic and antinociceptive effects of Nauclea latifolia roots decoction and possible mechanisms of action. Pharm Biol. 2011; 49: 15-25.