Author(s):
Sura L. Alkhafaji, Abbass M. Kashamar, Ibrahim H. Alkhafaji
Email(s):
sura.l@uokerbala.edu.iq
DOI:
10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01055.0 
Address:
Sura L. Alkhafaji*1, Abbass M. Kashamar2, Ibrahim H. Alkhafaji1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerbala University, Karbala - 56001, Iraq.
2Department of Agricultural Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Kerbala University, Karbala- 56001, Iraq.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 13,
Issue - 12,
Year - 2020
ABSTRACT:
Carthamus tinctorius is an annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is known as safflower. It is cultivated in Southern Asia, North and South America. It contains many bioactive compounds for which it has the biological activities, involving antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-ageing, anticoagulant, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities. The goal of this work is to identify the chemical constituents of safflower petals and to reveal their antimicrobial activities. The dried petals were extracted using three solvents, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Safflower was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 78 compounds from the three extracts were defined, and it was indicated that the highest percentage in ethyl acetate extract go to 4’, 6- Dimethoxyisoflavonne-7-O-ß- D-glucopyranoside (15.6%) and 7, 4’ – dimethoxy-3-hydroxy flavone (8.17%). In methanol extract, the high percentage belongs to Ascorbic acid, per methyl- (25.16%), Papaverine (8.16%), Tetratricontane (5.99%). In contrast, Morin (14.06%) and Isolongiflol (22.67%) showed the highest concentration in hexane extract. The antibacterial activities of Carthamus tinctorius petals were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus heamolyticus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results show that C. tinctorius has antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria with diverse degrees. The highest antibacterial activity was achieved by ethyl acetate extract against all gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria involved.
Cite this article:
Sura L. Alkhafaji, Abbass M. Kashamar, Ibrahim H. Alkhafaji. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of different Solvent Extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Flowers. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(12):6055-6060. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01055.0
Cite(Electronic):
Sura L. Alkhafaji, Abbass M. Kashamar, Ibrahim H. Alkhafaji. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of different Solvent Extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Flowers. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(12):6055-6060. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01055.0 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2020-13-12-70
REFERENCES:
1. Toma W, Guimaraes LL, Brito AR et al. Safflower oil: an integrated assessment of phytochemistry, antiulcerogenic activity, and rodent and environmental toxicity. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2014; 24(5):538-544.
2. Nagaraj G, Devi GN, Sriinvas CVS. Safflower petals and their chemical composition . 5th Intl Safflower Conf 23-27 July USA. 2001; pp 301-302.
3. Yao D, Wang Z, Miao L et al. Effects of extracts and isolated compounds from safflower on some index of promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation. Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 2016;191:264-272.
4. Duan JL, Wang JW, Guan Y et al. Safflor yellow A protects neonatal rat cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2013; 34(4): 487- 495)
5. Rahimi P, Asgary S, Kabiri N. Hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of Carthamus tinctorius oil in Alloxan-induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Journal of Herb Med Pharmacology. 2014; 3(2): 107-111.
6. Asp ML, Collene AL, Norris LE et al . Time-dependent effects of safflower oil to improve glycemia, inflammation and blood lipids in obese, post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-masked, crossover study. Clinical Nutrition. 2011;30(4):443-449.
7. Li HX, Han SY, Wang XW et al. Effect of the carthamins yellow from Carthamus tinctorius L. on hemorheological disorders of blood stasis in rats. Food and chemical toxicology. 2009; 47(8): 1797-802.
8. Nuramatjan A, Deyong LV, Rutong R et al. Neuroprotective Effects of a Standardized Flavonoid Extract from Safflower against a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Molecules. 2016 21(9): 1107.
9. Tzu-Kai L, Lily Z, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils.(2018), International journal of molecular sciences. 2018; 19(1): 70.
10. Kim EO, Oh JH, Lee SK, et al. Antioxidant properties and quantification of phenolic compounds from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds. Food Science and Biotechnology. 2007; 16(1): 71–77.
11. Koyama N, Kuribayashi K, Seki T, et al. Serotonin derivatives, major safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed antioxidants, inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2006; 54 (14): 4970–4976.
12. Karapanagiotis I, Chryssoulakis Y. Investigation of red natural dyes used in historical objects by HPLC-DAD-MS, Annales de chimie. 2006; 96 (1–2): 75–84.
13. Cai Y, Luo Q, Sun M, Corke H. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Science. 2003;74(17): 2157-2184.
14. Popilov Li et al. Analgesic properties of CF extracted from the Safflor (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds and its potential uses. Pharmaceutical chemistry. 2009;43(1): 4.
15. Turgumbayeva AA, Ustenova GO, Stabayeva GC et al. Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of the Camel Thorn (Alhagi kirghisorum) and Safflower Flowers (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Grown in Kazakhstan. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 2014; 14(12): 1487-1491.
16. Zhou FR, Zhao MB, Tu PF. Simultaneous determination of four nucleosides in Carthamus tinctorius L. and Safflower injection using highperformance liquid chromatography. Journal of China Pharmaceutical Science (China) 2009;18:326-330.
17. Ben MA, Mansouri F, Zraibi L, et al. Comparative study of four safflower oils (Carthamus tinctorius) varieties grown in eastern of Morocco. Inside Food Symposium, 2013.
18. Mohammed SJ. The effect of environmental factors on the physiology, yield and oil composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). PhD thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013.
19. Kazuma K, Takahashi T, Sato K, et al. Quinochalcones and flavonoids from fresh florets in different cultivars of Carthamus tinctorius L. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2000; 64(8): 1588-1599.
20. Magina MD, Dalmarco EM and Wisniewski AJ: Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of Eugenia species. J Nat Med 2009; 63(3): 345-350.