ABSTRACT:
Nanotechnology includes the study of tiny particles. They are mostly used in the pharmacy to advance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic action. Development, evaluation, manufactures, and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale is called nanotechnology. They have many benefits when compared to that of the conventional dosage forms. Many nanoformulations such as liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions etc are used to target to the diseased sites particularly in the human body. By targeting, the dose of the API can be reduced, decrease the systemic side effects etc. That’s why the nanotechnology emerged as the most superior in the field of medicine by maintaining therapeutic benefits. The major techniques used for the production of nanoparticles includes the dispersion of preformed polymers, solvent evaporation method, spontaneous emulsification or solvent, diffusion method, polymerization method, coacervation or ionic gelation method. Nanoprecipitation method has emerged as one of the easiest and economical methods for the preparation of nanoparticles, which is used by the majority of the researchers today. The modern evaluation methods used for the characterization of nanoparticles includes photon-correlation spectroscopy (pcs) or dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscopy, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity. The main concept of the paper is to elevate the basic concepts used in the field of nanoparticles preparation and characterization.