ABSTRACT:
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne positive stranded virus of the family Flaviviridae which causing an unprecedented outbreak. Zika virus (ZIKV) has two main authors: African and Asian.[2] Zika virus was established as a cause of severe neurological complications in fetuses. In this review, we are focusing on diagnostic challenges, epidemiology, vaccine developments, syndromes and transmission of virus and anatomy of Zika virus.[8] This virus was first established in Uganda in 1947.[9] The first person infected by Zika virus is in Nigeria in 1952.Now, large amount of the outbreaks are found in Americans and emerged in Brazil in 2015.[5] Zika virus has risk of infection through blood transfusion, sexual practices and perinatal transmission.[7],[8] The routes of perinatal transmission are during delivery, breastfeeding and by close interaction between the mother and newborn. Due to infected blood or monkey bite, organ transplantation, the mucocutaneous is exposure.[5],[10],[12] The viruses are initially in dendritic cells and then spread to lymph nodes and the blood stream.[2],[4] This shows the symptoms like low grade fever, conjunctivitis, headache, retro-orbital pain, arthritis and many.[11],[15] For diagnosis of ZIKV infection, the laboratory tests are needed because there is no information about pathognomonic clinical, biochemical or radiological features. There is no development of the vaccine of ZIKV.[1],[2]