ABSTRACT:
AIM- The aim of this article is to write review the geographical distribution and occurrence of endemic goiter OBJECTIVE- In this review, we will understand the etiology of the disease and its treatment. We will also understand how the goiter occurs in people with respect to their location near the coast and away from it. BACKGROUND- Endemic goiter is the swelling of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency. This type of goiter is very common in people living in regions away from the shore where the iodine resources are very minimal. Some common symptoms seen in hyperthyroidism are palpitations, nervousness, tremor, etc. Hypothyroid individuals have weight gain despite poor appetite, cold intolerance, constipation and lethargy. Treatment involves medical and surgical techniques. In case of iodine deficiency, the person is asked to consume more iodine in his/her diet. If the goiter is associated with an underactive thyroid, thyroid supplements are used as treatment. In extreme cases, a partial or complete thyroidectomy is required (removal of the goiter). However numerous causes attribute to goiter. They may include vitamin A deficiency, reduced carotene content and a defect in calcium metabolism .Goiter is also accompanied by other disorders like deaf mutism and cretinism. REASON- From this article one can gather all information about the endemic goiter and its geographical distribution occurring worldwide.