ABSTRACT:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. As per present statistics, 347 million people worldwide have diabetes. WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. Modern life style with present days technological advances have made human life sedentary. WHO's diabetes work by focusing on population-wide approaches to promote healthy diet and regular physical activity, thereby reducing the growing global problem of overweight and obesity. The primary aim of using of drugs to save life and alleviate symptoms and Secondary aims are to prevent long-term diabetic complications and, by eliminating various risk factors, to increase longevity. Insulin replacement therapy is the mainstay for patients with type 1 DM while diet and lifestyle modifications are considered the corner stone for the treatment and management of type 2 DM. The main objective of this review is to focus on the drug updates and their effects to treat DM because the available drugs used in the management of DM are not completely satisfactory in regard of controlling blood glucose level, many of the times they are associated with undesirable side effects. Hence there is continuous ongoing work in development of newer drugs, which are safe, efficacious and potent as well as free of undesirable effects such as sustained hypoglycaemia. Here we have tried to cover them in brief.