Systematic Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Studies of Alangium salvifolium

Santosh Fattepur¹*, Ram Kumar Sahu², Manmohan Singh Jangdey³, Nagaraja Sreeharsha^4,5,

Kiran Chanabasappa Nilugal¹, Ibrahim Abdullah¹, Uttam Sharma⁶, Jayshreemaa Biswal⁷, Jochhana Rani Bhuyan⁸

¹School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

²Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University),

Silchar, Assam 788011, India.

³Shri Rawatpura Sarkar College of Pharmacy, SRU, Dhaneli, Raipur (C.G.) - 490042, India.

⁴Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy,

King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia.

⁵Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road,

Bengaluru - 560 035, Karnataka, India.

⁶Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri-735101, W.B., India.

⁷Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Centurion University of Technology and Management, School of Pharmacy, Balasore-756044, Odisha, India.

⁸Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampr-760002, Odisha, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: dr_santosh@msu.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Alangium salvifolium is considered a medicinal plant in India and is used to heal various diseases. The traditional healers documented that roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, and bark of Alangium salvifolium have potent medicinal properties. The researchers reported the nature of the phytoconstituents responsible for imparting therapeutic properties. Different pharmacological actions such as antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiarthritis, antimicrobial, anthelmintics, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. have been scientifically investigated based on the chemical constituents of this plant. Further, the biomarkers compounds are isolated and characterized, which are responsible for the therapeutic efficacy. The present paper presented the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Alangium salvifolium. The researchers have enormous scope to explore the unidentified active constituents, preclinical and clinical study of the different parts of Alangium salvifolium.

KEYWORDS: Alangium salvifolium, Pharmacological activity, Phytochemistry.

INTRODUCTION:

Traditional medicines are already a global concern with ramifications for health promotion. Alternative drugs had already contributed a critical part in the upkeep of the global public health system. Over 80% of the total medications were prepared by using herbs throughout the early nineteenth century.

The increased utilization of herbal medicines for therapeutic interventions is because they have been regarded for being safely and efficient treatments with minimal side effects and affordable cost^1-4. The drug obtained from the plant sources might be a viable option for eliminating of various diseases. It has been documented that the majority of currently available synthetic medications have resulted in undesired side effects. The new drug from plant sources is required to be developed to overcome these issues. The secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, steroids etc present in the medicinal plants impart various types of therapeutic activities^5-9.

The phytochemical has indeed been thoroughly investigated in search of new medication possibilities. Herbs are being used for the production of the drug such as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antibiotics, antineoplastics, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulators, nephroprotective, epilepsy, and other medications for over 5000 years^10-13. Hence the medicinal plants have massive scope for the researchers to develop new formulation to treat different diseases with more safety.

Alangium salvifolium come under Alangiaceae family, and it is a medicinal plant found across India. More than 22 species of this family is available in Asian countries, chiefly in India, Philippines and China. In India, Alangium salvifolium is mainly used to treat diseases compared to other species^14-17. The fruits of these plants contain a rich quantity of vitamin C, vitamin E, carbohydrates, flavonoids, polyphenols, potassium, anthocyanin etc. The other parts of the plant, such as stem, bark, roots, and leaves, exhibited flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponin, steroids, carbohydrates, polyphenol, tannins, etc. Hence, whole part of the plants might be used as a source of medicine for the ailment of the diseases. All the parts of the Alangium salvifolium have potent therapeutic properties, and it makes the traditional healers utilize herbal drugs for a variety of applications widely. The researcher conducted preclinical studies and documented their pharmacological activities like anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antidiuretic, antiarthritis, antiepileptic, antimicrobial, and its higher therapeutic efficacy antifungal, cardioprotective, anticancer, purgative etc^18-20. For the development of new medicines, many more studies are needed to investigate the chemical contents and pharmacological activity of Alangium salvifolium. The current systematic review emphasizes on the numerous advantages of phytochemistry, pharmacological and herbal formulation of the Alangium salvifolium.

Traditional uses:

The effective therapeutic properties of Alangium salviifolium attracts the Indian traditional healers for the purpose of the remedies of the various disease. The roots parts are used mainly by the healers to treat skin cancer, and they make formulation for their traditional systems. The oral administration of the root powder reduced the pulse rate due to its vasodilation properties. It mainly use to control hypertension, body temperature, blood disorders etc. The decoction of the whole plant showed potent healing of the boils, and it is used in many parts of India by tribal people. The stems are rich sources of secondary metabolites used as purgative, antibacterial, and control the skin diseases. The leaves apply for the treatment of asthma and arthritis. The fruit is a rich source of nutrients, uses as food supplements and medicines. The fruits showed various therapeutic properties such as carminative, expectorant, antidiabetic, laxative, antidote for poisoning, and its juice uses to heal the eye infection. Further indigenously, the different parts of the plant shows purgative, antidiabetic, anti-epilepsy, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, emetic, antiprotozoal, antispasmodic, anthelmintic and many more activities. The root and fruits of the plant is used for the healing of the rheumatism and hemorrhoid externally by Philippines’s people. In Africa, the entire plant decoction with coconut is employed for the healing of burn wounds. The leaves have rich content of the secondary metabolite and in China asthma patient used for their treatment^21-25.

Chemical Composition:

The different research paper demonstrated Alangium salvifolium are rich source of the secondary metabolites in the different part of the plant namely tubulosine, alangidiol, psychotrine, alangicine, deoxytobulosine, ankorine, alangimarckine, marckidine, dimethylphychotrine, alamaridines, alangiside, dimethyl aptaline, isoalamarin, alangimarinone, alangamide, alkaloids A & B,  dimethylpsychotrine, marckine, lamarckinine cephaeline, N-methylcephaeline, steroids (alangol, alengol), triterpenoids, flavonoids, betulinaldehyde, lipeol, betulinic acid, steroids, glycosides, tannins, oil and saponins^26-30. The structure of the crucial active constituent of Alangium salvifolium display in figure 1.

Alangidiol

Alangicine

Alangimarckine

Cephaeline

Betulinic acid

Triterpenoid

Fig 1: Structure of important active components present in Alangium salvifolium

Pharmacological and biological activity:

In vivo hepatoprotective activity of the methanol extract of Alangium salviifolium barks against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rats were investigated. The finding showed significantly regulate the biochemical parameters of extract treated animals compared to control group. The Alangium salviifolium showed potent hepatoprotective properties. The antioxidant components present in the extract imparts hepatoprotective activity by regulating the biochemical parameters³¹.

The aqueous extract of root, bark, flower, stem, and leaf of Alangium salviifolium exhibited intense antifungal activity against Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicicola by inhibiting the mycelial growth. The roots extract inhibited mycelial growth by 100% compared to other plant parts. The findings of phytochemical screening of bark, stem, root, leaf and flower revealed various types of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannin, flavonoids, etc in the extracts. The flavonoids and alkaloids might be responsible for the antifungal potency of the extract³².

Scientifically reported prominent dose-dependent anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves against the animal model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by the researchers. Moreover, the extract also regulates the changes in hematological parameters and biochemical parameters. Therefore, the anticancer efficacy of the extract might be due to the presence of polyphenol and flavonoids components. Further, the extract also showed significant hepatoprotective activity in cancer-induced animals³³.

The flavonoids namely FAS6 and FAS7 were isolated from the leaves of Alangium salviifolium and expressed significant antidiabetic activity in experimental animals. In addition, the isolated flavonoid significantly controlled the alteration in the blood glucose level, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in diabetes animals³⁴.

The significant anti anthelmintic activity of leaves extract of Alangium salviifolium has been documented. This activity is due to the presence of polyphenols, saponins, flavonoids etc³⁵.

The sub-chronic toxicity and after that safety evaluation of Alangium salviifolium leaves extract in rats were evaluated. The findings demonstrated the extract were free from toxic effect and safe to use. Based on findings, the plant can alternatively source of medicine to treat the worms³⁶.

The ethanol extract of Alangium salvifolium monitored the changes in SGPT, SGOT and serum alkaline phosphatase in CCl₄-induced liver damaged rats indicating the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the extract. The study suggested the hepatoprotective activity of the plant might be presence of the polyphenol and flavonoids components³⁷.

The presence of higher amount of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in Alangium salvifolium by in vitro methods has been reported. The flavonols and polyphenol compounds play a vital role in treating the diseases associated with free radicals and proposed that Alangium salvifolium is an excellent natural antioxidant³⁸.

The methanol and ethanol extract demonstrated higher free radical scavenging potential in different antioxidant models namely DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, ABTS and reducing power. Thus, the results of this study support the antioxidant study conducted by Vats et al.³⁹.

The hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves against CCl₄ induced hepatoxicity animals were evaluated. The extract treated animals significantly reduced the SGOT, SGPT, ALB, ALP and total bilirubin revealed potent hepatoprotective activity and free from toxic effects. Further the results of liver histopathology support the hepatoprotective activity of the extract. In addition, the presence of antioxidant compounds suggested responsible for the hepatoprotective activity of the plant⁴⁰.

The callus from Alangium salviifolium leaves were prepared, and callus revealed phytochemical and antioxidant activities against DPPH and superoxide radical⁴¹.

The stem barks of aqueous extract of Alangium salviifolium demonstrated antidiabetic activity in rats. In addition, the findings demonstrated a significant reduction of blood glucose levels in diabetic rats⁴².

Alangium salvifolium flower methanol extract showed prominent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity against different models, namely acetic acid induced writhing, tail immersion, and formalin induced licking test. Furthermore, the phytochemical study indicates alkaloids and flavonoids present in the extract, and proposed these chemical moieties responsible for imparting antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity⁴³. 

It has been reported anthelmintic activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol extract of bark of Alangium salviifolium studied against earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). The chloroform and methanol extract produced higher anthelmintic activity compared to other extracts. The study proposed the anthelmintic activity of the extract might be the presence of a higher concentration of flavonoids and alkaloids along with the saponins, bitter principles and steroids components⁴⁴.

The aqueous extract of Alangium salvifolium and Pavonia zeylanica stem and leaves demonstrated significant antidiabetic by monitoring the alteration of the biochemical parameters. Consequently, these extracts showed prominent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in experimental animals⁴⁵.

The ethanol extract of stem and leaves of Alangium salvifolium and Pavonia Zeylanica significantly lowered the blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Thus, the antidiabetic activity of both plants might be presence of the secondary metabolite with particular reference to flavonoids⁴⁶. 

The methanol and aqueous extracts of Alangium salvifolium leaves demonstrated significantly potent hepatoprotective activity by maintaining SGOT, SGPT, ALP and direct bilirubin. Further, it has been noticed that the protective capacity also increased⁴⁷.

It has been scientifically validated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of different parts of Alangium salviifolium, Andrographis paniculata and Spilanthus acemella against different strains of bacteria and fungus. Furthermore, the findings exhibited that root and stem extract has higher antimicrobial activity than other plant parts⁴⁸. 

The significant CNS depressant activity of the chloroform soluble fraction of Alangium salviifolium isolated form the methanol extract of flowers has been reported. Furthermore, the findings suggested that the flavonoids and neuroactive steroid present in the extract may act as ligand for the GABA receptors in CNS⁴⁹.

Scientifically documented hemoglobin content was decreased in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma treated mice, but hemoglobin content was restored in mice by treating with diethyl ether fractions of Alangium salvifolium flower⁵⁰.

The aqueous extract obtained from stem and leaves of Alangium salvifolium recorded prominent antidiabetic activity in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats by decreasing the blood glucose level in diabetic rats⁵¹. Similarly, significant antidiabetic activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Alangium salvifolium bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were reported⁵².

The chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts exhibited prominent antidiabetic, antiepileptic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Alangium salvifolium seeds⁵³.

The alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides and saponins are present in Alangium salvifolium leaves extract. Extract have been demonstrated in treatment of epilepsy, jaundice and hepatitis⁵⁴.

The anti-hyperglycaemic activities of alcoholic extract of Alangium salvifolium root in alloxan induced diabetic rats were reported. The antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Alangium salvifolium might be presence of flavonoids⁵⁵.

The significant anti-ulcer activity of ethanol extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves on gastric lesion induced by ethanol in rats were scientifically documented. The antioxidant substance present in the extract accounted for the anti-ulcer activity⁵⁶. 

The significant antidiabetic activity of bark of Alangium salviifolium in alloxan induced rats were validated. Furthermore, the outcomes exhibited barks extract can used as hypoglycemic drug⁵⁷. 

The hexane and acetone extract of Alangium salviifolium and Piper longum were tested for antimicrobial activity. The findings suggested significant antimicrobial activity of the extract against multi-drug resistant bacteria⁵⁸. 

The methanol extract of Alangium salvifolium fruits recorded prominent antidiabetic activity in glucose and alloxan induced diabetic animals. In addition, the significant reduction in blood glucose level were observed in both models⁵⁹. 

The aqueous extract of stem bark of Alangium salvifolium revealed neuropharmacological activities in rat. The extract extend pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and decreased the spontaneous motor activity and exploratory behaviour⁶⁰. 

The significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the alcohol and aqueous extracts of Alangium salvifolium roots has been scientifically reported⁶¹.

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Alangium salvifolium leaves showed significant anticonvulsant activity in different animal model such as maximal electroshock induced seizures and Pentylene tetrazole induced seizures⁶².

The methanol extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves and fruits expressed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against different strain of bacteria and fungus, respectively. In addition, the extract of the leaves and fruits showed intense antioxidant activity. The fruit extract showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to leaves⁶³.

Future prospects:

The present study focused the phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Alangium salvifolium to date. The traditional healers documented the various therapeutic properties of this plant. The study needed to look into the unique phytoconstituents in Alangium salvifolium accountable for the pharmacological effects. To date, different preclinical studies conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy against different diseases.  Now, clinical studies are required to investigate medicinal capabilities, which will lead to new formulations for society. The pharmacologist has scope to investigate the possible mechanism against a particular disease. The standardization of the herbal formulation and biomarker compound might be explored. The studies on this plant demonstrated not much work on plant tissue culture has been performed. Hence,  by altering the nutritional media, the biotechnologist can establish effective micropropagation technique for this plant as well as increase the production of secondary metabolites. The nanotechnology experts can build a vesicular drug delivery system with improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.   

CONCLUSION:

Alangium salvifolium is a medicinal plant with various secondary metabolites, which make plant to cure and prevent from different diseases. Alangium salvifolium exhibited antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, anthelmintic, antimicrobial activities etc. During the study of the plant, it has been observed that till date, pharmaceutical industries has not developed any drug from this plant. Hence, it has scope to conduct further research work on the mechanism of action of their pharmacological activity to be available in the future market.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:

Authors declare that they have no competing interest.

REFERENCES:

1. Ullah R, Alqahtani AS, Noman OMA, Alqahtani AM, Ibenmoussa S, Bourhia M. A review on ethno-medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci, 2020; 27(10): 2706-2718.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.020.

2. Zhang Y, Kong J, Zhang JH, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu B, Jiang YY. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Family Flacourtiaceae: A Class of Important Phytomedicine. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2020; 48(02): 287-328.doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X20500159

3. Fitzgerald M, Heinrich M, Booker A. Medicinal Plant Analysis: A Historical and Regional Discussion of Emergent Complex Techniques. Front Pharmacol, 2020; 10: 1480. doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01480

4. Akinyemi O, Oyewole SO, Jimoh KA. Medicinal plants and sustainable human health: a review. Horticult Int J, 2018; 2(4): 194-195.doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00051

5. Batiha GE-S., Beshbishy AM, Wasef LG, Elewa YHA, Al-Sagan AA, El-Hack MEA, Taha AE, Abd-Elhakim YM, Devkota HP. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum, L.): A Review. Nutrients, 2020; 12: 872.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030872

6. Aminah NS, Tun KNW, Kristanti AN, Aung HT, Takaya Y, Choudhary MI. Chemical constituents and their biological activities from Taunggyi (Shan state) medicinal plants. Heliyon, 2021; 7(2): e06173.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06173

7. Teh BP, Ahmad N, Ibnu Rasid EN, Zolkifli NA, Sastu Zakaria UR, Mohamed Yusoff N, Zulkapli A, Japri N, Lee JC, Muhammad H. Herbal-Based Formulation Containing Eurycoma longifolia and Labisia pumila Aqueous Extracts: Safe for Consumption? Pharmaceuticals, 2021; 14(2): 142.doi.org/10.3390/ph14020142

8. Maurya AK, Tripathi S, Ahmed Z, Sahu RK. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Euphorbia hirta in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2012; 4(2): 703-707.

9. Sahu RK, Roy A. Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of bark of Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr in CCl4 treated male rats. Pharmacologyonline, 2009; 2: 1-5.

10. Anand U, Jacobo-Herrera N, Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N. A comprehensive review on medicinal plants as antimicrobial therapeutics: potential avenues of biocompatible drug discovery. Metabolites, 2019; 9(11): 258–288.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110258

11. Chen L, Tang S, Li X, Kuang Y, Huang H, Fan P, Feng F, Liu W. A review on traditional usages, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of periploca forrestii schltr. J Ethnopharmacol, 2021; 271: 113892.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113892

12. Sahu RK, Roy A, Jha AK, Dwivedi J. Promotion and computation of inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity of herbal cream by incorporating indigenous medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2014; 17(1): 146-150.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.146.150

13. Aboulthana WM, El-Feky AM, Ibrahim NE, Sahu RK, ElSayed AEB. Evaluation of the Pancreatoprotective Effect of Nannochloropsis oculata Extract against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. J App Pharm Sci, 2018; 8(06): 046-058.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2018.8607

14. Reddy PVM, Ratnam KV, Raju RRV. In vitro Antioxidant Properties of Alangium salvifolium Seed Extracts. Research J. Pharm. and Tech, 2019; 12(10): 4714-4718.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00812.6

15. AK Meena, MM Rao, RP Meena, P Panda, Renu. Pharmacological and Phytochemical Evidences for the Plants of Wedelia Genus– A Review. Asian J. Pharm. Res, 2011; 1(1): 07-12.

16. Venkateshwarlu G, Ragyanaik E, Swapna K, Santhosh A, Santhosh CH. Vitex trifolia -An Important Medicinal Plant: A Review of Its Folklore Medicine and Traditional Uses. Asian J. Pharm. Res, 2014; 4(2): 70-71.

17. Sethi K, Parvez N. Preliminary Phytochemical Characterization and Micromeritic Properties evaluation of Azadirachta indica and Syzygium aromaticum Powder. Asian J. Pharm. Res, 2019; 9(1): 22-26.doi.org/10.5958/2231-5691.2019.00005.4

18. Shetty KM. Flowering plants of chittoor district, 1stedition, and students offset printers, Tirupati, A.P., 2003, pp 150.

19. Xavier A, Kalaiselvi TF, Kandhasamy V, Rajakumari M, Srinivasan MP, Natarajan K. Antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Alangium salviifolium. J of Tropical Med Plants, 2005; 6(2): 179–182.

20. Jain VC, Patel NM, Shah DP, Patel PK, Joshi BH. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Alangium salvifolium (L.F) Wang Root. Global Journal of Pharmacology, 2010; 4 (1): 13-18.

21. Shravya S, Vinod BN, Sunil C. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies of Alangium salvifolium Wang. – A review. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 2017; 55(2): 217-222.doi.org/10.1016/j.bfopcu.2017.07.001

22. Kijima H, Ide T, Otuska H, Takeda Y. MAPA. New Delhi (India): CSIR; 1992, p.183.

23. M. Bidhan, N. Rupashri, R. Remadevi. Pharmacognostical and pharmacological review on ayurvedic plant ankolah-[Alangium salvifolium (L.F) Wang (Alangiaceae)], World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2015; 4: 516-526.

24. V. Rajamanickam, V. Rajasekaran, S. Quine, S. Jesupillai, R. Sabitha. Diuretic activity of Alangium salvifolium sub. sp. Hexapetalum. Internet J. Altern. Med., 2009; 8: 1-8.

25. Kumar JG, Anshita G, Arpita D. Herbal treatment to skin diseases: a global approach. Drug Invention Today, 2010; 2: 381-384.

26. Itoh A, Ikuta Y, Tanahashi T, Nagakura N. Phytochemical and pharmacognostical studies of the leaves of Alangium lamarkii. J. Nat. Prod., 2000; 63: 723-725.doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v3i4.363 

27. Inayathulla, Karigar Asif A, Shariff WR. Wound healing property of alcoholic extract of leaves of Alangium salvifolium, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2010; 3: 267-269.d

28. Ramni VA, Jagajeevanram P, Kalaiselvi, Extraction and characterization of chromone from fat Alangium salvifolium, Asian J Chemistry, 2003; 15: 1693. 

29. Jain S, Sinha A, Bhakuni DS. The biosynthesis of beta- carboline and quinolizidine alkaloids of Alangium lamarckii. Phytochemistry, 2002; 60: 853-859.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00057-2 

30. Ratra M, Gupta R. Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Profile of Alangium salvifolium: A Medicinal Plant. UK Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biosciences, 2015; 3(3): 22-28.doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/3/i3/89396 

31. Dhruve P, Nauman M, Kale RK, Singh RP. A novel hepatoprotective activity of Alangium salviifolium in mouse model. Drug Chem Toxicol, 2020; 6: 1-13. doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2020.1733593

32. Aphajal M, Jaish BM. Phytochemical Screening of Alangium salviifolium (L. f.) Wangerin showing antifungal properties against Alternaria spp. Plantae Scientia, 2019; 02(1): 01-04.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v2i1.1-4

33. Prathima C, Shashikumara, Thippeswamy T. Evaluation of anticancer potential of ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves in animal models. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 2019; 12(12): 397-400.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i2.29601

34. Patel AK, Manigauha A. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of isolated flavonoids from Alangium salvifolium leaves extracts. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2018; 12(2): 82-90.

35. Kochuthressia KP. Anti Helminthis Activity of Alangium salviifolium against Pheretima posthumous. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 2018; 7(11): 2720-2724.

36. Kapoor B, Kaur G, Gupta M, Gupta R. Sub-chronic safety evaluation of aqueous extract of Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wangerin leaves in rats. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2017; 8(3): 108–113. doi.org/10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_69_17

37. Parameshwar P, Reddy YN. Protective role, in -vitro free radical scavenging activities of Alangium salvifolium (linn) againest CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2015; 7: 447-452.

38. Vats S. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wangerin. Researcher, 2015; 7(2): 92- 94.

39. Sakthidevi G, Mohan VR, Jeeva. In vitro antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang (Alangiaceae). Bioscience Discovery, 2014; 5(1): 74-81.

40. Chander TR, Reddy YN. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity with leaf extract of Alangium salvifolium wang on ccl4 induced rats. IJPT, 2014; 5(4): 6039-6050. doi.org/

41. Tanwer BS, Sharma N, Choudhary S, Vijayvergia R. In Vitro Preliminary Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Alangium salviifolium linn. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 2014; 3(10): 864-872.

42. Debadatta A, Sahoo D, Padhy SK, Mallick J, Pani M. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extracts of barks of Alangium salviifolium wang in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int. Res J Pharm. App Sci, 2013; 3(4):74-78.

43. Zahan R, Nahar L, Nesa ML. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of flower (Alangium salvifolium) extract.  PJBS, 2013;16(19): 1040-5. doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.1040.1045

44. Pandey RS. Anthelmintic activity of Alangium salviifolium bark. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour, 2012; 2(6): 717-720.

45. Hepcy KD, Dinakar A, Kumar SN. Antidiabetic, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory activity of Aqueous extracts of Stem and Leaves of Alangium salvifolium and Pavonia zeylanica. Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res. 2012; 4(4): 298-306.

46. Hepcy KD, Dinakar A, Kumar SN. Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extracts of Alangium salvifolium and pavonia zeylanica in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2012; 4(5): 337-339.

47. Prusty KB, Swain K, Rao JV, Subudhi SK. Hepato Protective activity of leaf extracts of Alangium salvifolium Linn. on Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Research, 2012; 3(2): 29- 34.

48. Tanwer BS, Singh S, Vijayvergia R. Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of some medicinally important plants. Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 2012; 3(3): 555 – 561.

49. Zahan R, Anamul HM, Nahar L, Mosaddik A, Haque E. Evaluation of anxiolytic and cns depressant activity of Alangium salviifolium wang flowers. IRJP. 2012; 3(4): 144-147.

50. Zahan R, Badrul Alam M, Saiful Islam M, Gopal CS. Anticancer activity of Alangium salvifolium flower in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice. Int J Cancer Res, 2011; 1-9.doi.org/10.3923/ijcr.2011.254.262

51. Hepcy KD, Dinakar A, kumar SN. Studies on the Hypoglycemic and Antidiabetic activity of Alangium salvifolium wang in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian J Pharm Clinical Res, 2011; (4): 131-133.

52. Sharma AK, Agarwal V, Sharma VS, Chauhan B. Antidiabetic effect of bark of Alangium salvifolium inn. Journal of Global Pharma Technology. 2011; 3(4): 26-32.

53. Sharma AK, Agarwal V, Kumar R, Balasubramaniam A, Mishra A, Gupta R. Pharmacological studies on seeds of Alangium salvifolium Linn. Acta Pol Pharm, 2011; 68(6): 897-904.

54. Saravanan D, Padmavathy J, Parimala MJ, Aparna lakshmiI, Praveen C. Pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Alangium salvifolium Linn. Int J Res Ayur pharm, 2011; 2(1): 216-220.

55. Ahad HA, Padmaja BS, Yesupadam P, Guruprakash P, Sravanthi M, Ramyasree P. Phytochemical and Hypoglycemic Evaluation of Alangium Salviifolium Root Extract.  Journal of Scientific Research, 2011; 3(2).doi.org/doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7047

56. Sreekanth P, Sudhakara K, Gouse basha G, Murali K, Sanjeeva Kumar A.   Anti ulcer effect of Alangium salvifolium ethanolic leaf extract on gastric lesion induced by ethanol in rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 2011; 4(2): 112-114.doi.org/

57. Rajkumar S, Kumar NS. Isolation chemical characterization and hypoglycemic activity of Alangium salviifolium wang bark in alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats. IJPSR, 2011; 2(6): 1518-1524.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.2(6).1518-24

58. Dahiya P, Purkayastha S.  Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potentials of Alangium salvifolium and Piper longum against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2011; 3(5): 462-465.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.108420

59. Mishra A, Garg GP. Antidiabetic activity of Alangium salvifolium in alloxan induced diabetic rats. IRJP, 2011; 2(6): 101-105.

60. Parida NK, Debata PC, Panda PK. Neuropharmacological Screening of Alangium salvifolium (Linn.f.) Stem Bark Extract in Rats. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010; 22(10): 7507-7512.doi.org/

61. Jain VC, Patel NM, Shah DP, Patel PK, Joshi BH. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Alangium salvifolium (L.F) Wang Root. Global Journal of Pharmacology, 2010; 4(1): 13-18.

62. Balakrishna N, kumar S, Bala subramaniam A, Sangameswaran B, Mayur Chaurey. Anti Epileptic Activity of Alangium salvifolium leaf extracts. Herbal Tech Industry, 2010; 20-23.doi.org/

63. Lavanya D, Pooja Rao, Soundarya S, Surabhi T.S, Prashith Kekuda T.R. Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant activity of leaf and fruit of Alangium salviifolium L. (Cornaceae). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021; 14(5):2745-9.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00484

Received on 27.06.2021           Modified on 19.01.2022

Accepted on 07.04.2022         © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2022; 15(6):2831-2837.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00473