Comparative Study of Chemerin and Inflammatory markers between Obese with Insulin Resistance and lean healthy women
Moushira Zaki1, Sanaa Kamal1, Mona Abd Elmotaleb A. Hussein2, Hend M. Tawfeek3,
Mina Wassef Girgiss4, Amr MM Ibrahim5, Eman R. Youness5
1Biological Anthropology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
2Internal Medicine National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt.
3Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University- Girls.
4Medical Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
5Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. *Corresponding Author E-mail: moushiraz@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:
Background: Chemerin has been newly defined to be released from mature adipocytes and the chemerin concentrations in human serum augmented with obesity. There is a subclinical chronic low-grade inflammatory response where insulin resistance (IR) may develop. The aim of this study is to expound the prospective role of chemerin the in inflammation. Also, investigate relation between chemerin and serum lipid, glucose, body fat percentage, and metabolic parameters in obese and lean women with IR. Lymphocytes and neutrophils play a major role in inflammation and comprise the first line of defense against infection. The ratio of absolute neutrophil count to lymphocyte count, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), determined as is a novel inflammatory biomarker utilized as a prognostic factor in numerous diseases Methods: This study was designed to investigate serum chemerin, NLR, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in 50 obese women with IR and 50 lean healthy women. Results: Obese group had significant higher levels of serum chemerin, NLR, hsCRP levels and metabolic parameters than lean one. Chemerin also correlated positively with NLR inflammatory marker and body mass index (BMI). Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio was related to pro‐inflammatory Conclusion: The present study elucidates that chemerin levels are concomitant with obesity and IR and could play a role in the inflammation, having key aspects of metabolic syndrome.
KEYWORDS: Inflammation, metabolic parameters, insulin resistance.
INTRODUCTION:
Obesity is a growing health problem that is accompanied with rising the rate of mortality and morbidity (Aldoori 2017) (Ashames et al. 2019). Obesity is an surplus of white adipose tissue (WAT) that is renowned by chronic inflammation of adipose tissue (Bastard et al. 2006) (Omran et al. 2018) (Monalisa 2015) (Doraiswamy and Kirshnamurthy 2015) (aripriya Doraiswamy and Kirshnamurthy n.d.).
One of the pro-inflammatory adipokine is chemerin which has paracrine and autocrine roles in enhancing the adipocyte differentia (Bedelbayeva et al. 2018) (Takahashi et al. 2008) (Kohan et al. 2014). Also chemerin acts as a chemoattractant for immune cells as dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells (Goralski et al. 2007) (Mohan 2014) (Monalisa 2015). Its rigorous impact on inflammation is not obvious, as it may act as a anti- and pro-inflammatory protein also(Roman et al. 2012) (Reshmi and Sethu 2015). Researches revealed that chemerin could play a role in the development of metabolic syndrome and obesity (Bozaoglu et al. 2007) (Jialal et al. 2013). Consequently, this study aimed to compare hsCRP, and NLR levels, serum lipid levels and other features of metabolic syndrome in lean and obese women.
Subjects and Methods:
The study encompassed 50 obese women with IR and 50 age matched lean women. This study has been approved by the Ethical Committee of National Research Centre, Egypt (number = 16361), according to the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki. Obesity was defined in accordance to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification as having a BMI ≥ 30kg/m2.
Biochemical measurements:
Plasma lipids:
Total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were assessed in serum by the colorimetric assays using the auto analyzer Cobas c111 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).
Assessment of hsCRP:
High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured in serum using particle enhanced immune-nephelometry (Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany). IR in subjects was detected according to Gayoso criteria (Ghasemi et al. 2015).
Assessment of chemerin:
Total chemerin was measured in serum by ELISA kit (Biovendor, Brno, Czech Republic) with a sensitivity of 0.1ng/mL and with inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) below 7.0% and 8.3%, respectively.
Anthropometric measures:
The waist circumference was measured at the smallest circumference between the rib cage and iliac crest, with the subject in the standing position. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight × height−2 and expressed in kilograms per square meter. The percentage of body fat was calculated by bioelectric impedance analysis using the Tanita TBF-511 Body Fat Analyzer (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan).
Statistical analysis:
Data measurements are offered as the mean ± standard deviation. A t-test was used to compare measurement data among two groups, SPSS for Windows, Version 20.0. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, US) was used for all statistical analyses, and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate significant differences
RESULTS:
Table 1 displays that obese women with IR had significant increased levels of serum chemerin, NLR, hsCRP, lipid and metabolic features than lean women.
Figure 1 shows positive correlation between chemerin and BMI values, illustrating increase of chemerin consecration with increase of BMI values.
Figures 2 shows positive correlation between NLR and BMI in obese IR patients, demonstrating that NLR was not similarly distributed in patients with different BMI.
DISCUSSION:
Nowadays, chemerin; the new adipokine has been categorized to be related to augmented white cell mass, and adipose tissue inflammation induced by obesity (Weisberg et al. 2003) (Xu et al. 2003). Adipose tissue is a source of pro‐inflammatory mediators and adipokines produced via activated adipose tissue macrophages (Mohan 2014) (Pellegrinelli et al. 2015; Mohsen et al. 2013). In this regard, leptin might stimulate resident monocytes and macrophages to release IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α, while lesser adiponectin might increase TNF‐α production, approving subclinical inflammation(Khan and Joseph 2014). Moreover, in humans, levels of plasma chemerin were significantly related with parameters of obesity in numerous dissimilar populations (Bozaoglu et al. 2007) (Fatima et al. 2013) (Saremi et al. 2010) (Dong et al. 2011) (Borovkova and Schegolev 2018). Our results revealed that a significant elevation in levels of serum chemerin in obese women. In the early phase of IR, the elevation in chemerin levels encourages dysmetabolic profile emanate from the dysfunctional adipose tissue (Takahashi et al. 2011). In other literatures, NLR was found to be in association with the occurrence and severity of MS in Turkish inhabitance (Bahadır et al. 2015), also to augment linearly with raised number of MS constituents (P for trend <.001) in Asian Indians. Nevertheless, we found that NLR was equally disseminate in non-obese or obese patients, with or without MS; nonetheless the impact of NLR on BC risk varied across diverse MS or BMI status (Syauqy et al. 2018). IR reinforces dyslipidemia at first (as an intermediate event) then leads to metabolic syndrome and afterward development of T2DM (Makki et al. 2013) (Ye 2013) (Fuentes et al. 2013). Researchers have revealed that chemerin elucidated no gender dimorphism in a regiment of type II diabetic patients (Takahashi et al. 2012). Chemerin could provide a thrilling association between inflammation, obesity and pathophysiological variations related to obesity in individuals. It is promising that NLR could reflect of visceral adipose tissue mechanisms (VAT) correlated inflammation as proposed by the relationship of NLR with both adiposity indicators and pro‐inflammatory markers, presenting better relationship with adiposity indicators than the mediators of pro‐inflammation. It is expected that adiponectin and leptin play a crucial part in the inflammation related to VAT, as they displayed the uppermost relationship with NLR. Consistently, pro-inflammatory(Luan et al. 2015) mediators are renowned to enhance the relative number of neutrophils and have been related to lymphocyte apoptosis.
In conclusion, our data displays that concentrations of serum chemerin were related with general obesity indices and it might be based on a potent pathophysiologic linkage between inflammation and adipokines.
Table 1: Comparison of clinical parameters between lean and obese IR women
|
Variables |
Group |
Mean ± SD |
P |
|
Chemerin (pg/ml) |
Lean |
54.05±5.19 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
69.94±14.28 |
||
|
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (n/µL) |
Lean |
1.51±0.42 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
2.18±0.70 |
||
|
Fat mass |
Lean |
16.20±5.64 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
36.10±10.88 |
||
|
Waist circ. |
Lean |
78.44±9.78 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
100.71±11.83 |
||
|
WHR |
Lean |
0.78±0.07 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
0.84±0.05 |
||
|
hsCRP(pg/ml) |
Lean |
6.05±0.65 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
13.27±8.66 |
||
|
Systole(mmHg) |
Lean |
97.88±12.185 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
109.50±16.04 |
||
|
Diastole(mmHg) |
Lean |
65.91±6.18 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
72.09±10.23 |
||
|
BMI(kg/m2) |
Lean |
23.46±2.56 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
34.42±5.62 |
||
|
TC(mg/dl) |
Lean |
174.81±43.86 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
201.92±45.01 |
||
|
TG (mg/dl) |
Lean |
87.77±52.43 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
111.40±48.16 |
||
|
HDL-C(mg/dl) |
Lean |
51.05±13.05 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
51.87±13.966 |
||
|
LDL-C(mg/dl) |
Lean |
110.10±43.83 |
< 0.01 |
|
Obese IR |
127.56±41.07 |
Figure 1: Correlation between serum chemerin levels and BMI values
Figure 2: Correlations NLR levels and BMI values
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Received on 12.10.2020 Modified on 20.11.2020
Accepted on 10.12.2020 © RJPT All right reserved
Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2021; 14(7):3647-3650.
DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00630