Green Expertise: Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Application an Overview

 

Shubhrat Maheshwari*, Ritesh Kumar Tiwari, Lalit Singh

SRMS, CET Bareilly, Department of Pharmaceutics, Bareilly

 

ABSTRACT:

Medicinal plants are being widely used, as a single or combination in wound healing process. Modern therapies present a large number of options, while traditional therapies are promising effective choices. Plant based extract are used in silver nanoparticle for achieving the therapeutic response of wound healing. Wound healing has been intensely studies in order to develop an “ideal” technique that achieves topical treatment, which prevent infection and promote a proper burn wound healing process. Green expertise technique is used to produce Silver nanoparticle for eco-friendly drug which can easily dispose in environment and do not affect the cost value. Research interest in the area of nanotechnology using nanoparticles produced the targeted therapeutic effect. Metal nanoparticles are being increasingly being used in dermatology preventing bacterial infections.

 

GRAPHICAL ABSRACT:

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Silver compounds ions work as hygienic with bactericidal effect and used for healing purposes with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity¹. Silver has been demonstrated to be effective also against multidrug resistant organisms². Skin is the largest and one of the most complex organs in human body, easily affected by various harmful external factors^3,4.

 

Acute or chronic wound represent a major unresolved clinical problem, severe wound therapy is skin transplantation⁵, Acute thermal injuries needs medical treatment affects nearly half a million Americans each years, which approximately 40,000 hospitalizations and 3,400 deaths yearly⁶ and 97% patients admitted to burn centers⁷ thermal burns from dry sources (fire or flame) and wet sources (scalds) account for approximately 80% of all reported burns⁸ and classified on the depth of burn^9,10. Hemostasis results in the formation of a clot in the wound and bleeding stops¹¹. Wound healing is a complicated procedure, which compel of functions of varieties tissues and cell lineages and has been the subject of focused research for a long time¹².

 

 

Nanoparticles:

This is a promising technique of dispersion of solid particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size in the range of 10-1000nm. The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated to matrix and cavity surrounded by unique polymer and used as drug delivery devices their ability to deliver proteins, peptides and genes^13-16. Nanoparticles have novel value which depends on their designing size, shape and morphology which easily interact with plants, animals and microbes^17,18,19. The aim of designing nanoparticles as a delivery system are to control particle size, release of pharmacologically active agents in order to achieve the site specific action at the therapeutic optimal rate and dose regimen and increase stability of drug and have controlled release properties^20,21.

 

Silver Nanoparticles:

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have excellent bactericidal properties against a wide range of antimicrobial-organism^22,23,24 few authors used chemical method²⁵ and their superiority stems mainly from the size, shape, composition, crystallinity, and structure of AgNPs compared their bulk forms^26,27,28,29 and their diagnostics and optoelectronics^30,31,32, water disinfection³³. Silver is a low-cost and natural resource and their instability as the oxidation in an oxygen containing fluid³⁴, with different surface properties. Silver nanoparticles have different shapes, including rod shapes, triangle, octahedral, round, polyhedral, etc.³⁵.

 

In natural environment, also microbes produce nanomaterial so by the help of microbiology we can produce microbe synthesized silver nanoparticles for the welfare of human being³⁶. Silver nanoparticle shows antibacterial effect the relative pictures show no colonies of bacterial^37,38.

 

Wounds are classified on the basis of following characteristics:

On the basis of increasing depth or number of skin layers and area of skin effected:

a.     Epidermal wounds

b.     Superficial partial wounds

c.     Deep partial wounds

d.     Full thickness wounds

 

On the basis of nature of repair process:

a.     Acute wounds

b.     Chronic wounds

 

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles:

 

Fig. 1: Various methods for synthesis of silver nanoparticles

 

Top down and bottom-Up Methods:

Silver nanostructures with huge properties have been used in the field of biomedical³⁹. Silver nanomaterial has different shape and sizes used in a broad range of application such as paints, coating soaps, bandages etc.⁴⁰. The top-down approach helps to generate a required structure and bottom up technique help to generate nano-sized material⁴¹.

 

 

Physical method:

In this method of AgNPs synthesizes large quantity high purity without use of chemical they includes the two-process i.e. the evaporation-condensation approach and the laser ablation technique^42,43.

 

Chemical/Photochemical methods:

This method applied in the synthesis of metallic NPs as a colloidal dispersion in aqueous solution or organic solvents produce nanosphere such as silver⁴⁴.

Green Chemistry:

Now a day the plant extracts has been suggested as a valuable alternative to other synthesis routes^45-47, AgNPs components serve reducing and stabilizing agents⁴⁸, the green synthesis of AgNPs is a promising method of natural capping of stabilization of AgNPs⁴⁹.

 

Fig. 1: Flow Diagram of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle

 

Characterization and Property of AgNPs:

a.     Plasmonic properties:

In many applications, surface chemistry, morphology and optical properties of nanomaterial. AgNPs can be utilized in bio-sensing by single nanoparticle and plasmonic have ability to monitor distance between two distinct nanoparticle^50.

b.     Chemical Cytotoxicity:

AgNPs on a nanometer scale based nanomedicine involves the impact free from nanotoxicity⁵¹.

c.     Alloy with other Metals:

They have different properties of every individual and created by combing nanocrystals in a specific number and arrangement⁵².

 

Table 1: Properties of Silver Nanoparticles That Aid Wound Healing

 

Following herbal plants used in wound healing⁶¹

 

Table 2: Herbal plants produce therapeutics effect on wound healing

 

Table 3: Healing mechanism in wound of herbal therapies

 

Authenticated Data related to herbal extract of silver nanoparticles used in wound healing.

 

Table 4: List of some articles related my topic with year and Conclusion

CONCLUSION:

Wound healing involving inflammation, proliferation and remodeling in novel delivery technique. The advanced silver nanoparticles is prepared by different method of eco-friendly approach to target the application of burn wound healing by the combination of expertise herbal extract to achieve the pharmacological therapeutic effect of drug in the pharmaceutical field. This paper has reviewed recent knowledge and builds a data base of silver nanoparticle and strategies used to synthesize silver nanoparticles and wide range of application. Our study concludes that herbal drug has great contribution to heal the burn wound and produce silver nanoparticles that has a tremendous growth in the recent year. A wide range of opportunities are available and some of silver nanoparticles get synthesized are cost effectiveness.

 

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Received on 23.01.2020            Modified on 05.03.2020

Accepted on 06.04.2020         © RJPT All right reserved