Identification of Bioactive Compounds in the leaves extract of Piper longum using GCMS

S. Kavitha¹, Dr. M. V. Ramesh Kannan¹, Dr. P. Mani²

¹Department of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Sharmila Institute of Medicinal Products Research Academy, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

²Department of Biotechnology, Annai College of Arts and Science, Kumbakonam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding Author E-mail: saranva.k@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The plant of Piperaceae family Piper longum whose fruits were dried and widely used as spices and seasoning in India. The dried fruit was widely used in combination with other herbs to treat various diseases and disorders in Ayurvedic medicine [1,2]. The analysis was done on the seeds and showed that they have the ability to treat indigestion, diarrhea, diabetes, cholera, obesity, skin problem and improves the bone strength. In the present study the leaves of the plant was collected, dried and powdered. The ethanolic extraction of the powdered leaves is done with soxhlet and the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract was analyzed using GCMS technique.

KEYWORDS: Piper longum, bioactive compounds; Ethanol, Soxhlet, GCMS.

INTRODUCTION:

Piper longum a flowering wine widely found growing in hotter part of India from Central Himalaya to Assam and in Tamil Nadu. It includes anticancer, antioxidant, anti inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti hyperlipedemic activity in their dried seeds [3,4]. It is commonly known as Indian long pepper belongs the Kingdom- Plantae, Subkingdom- Tracheobionta, Class- Magnoliopsida, Order – Piperales, Genus –Piper.

Collection of Plant Material and Extract:

The plant leaves sample were collected from Mettur, Salem, in a sterilized bag and cleaned thoroughly with tap water then rinsed with distilled water. The sample was shade dried then powdered using electric blender [5,6]. The 10gms of powdered leaves sample was extracted in the soxhlet apparatus using 100% ethanol solvent and the collected extract dried with the rotary vacuum evaporator.

GCMS analysis:

The ethanolic extract of leaves sample was dissolved as 1µg/µl in ethanol and introduced into the GCMS which is built with HP-5 MS capillary [7,8]. The sample was followed by the injection of high pressure helium gas with the flow rate of 1ml/ min at 220°C and then the temperature was gradually increased 10°C/min until 250°C. Mass spectra were recorded on ionizing voltage of 70eV. The identified compounds were determined using retention time as the compound travel in the column [9,10,11].

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The GCMS analysis of the ethanolic extract of the Piper longum leaves has showed the presence of 9 compounds with the retention time 19.43 for methyl 3-O-benzyl-a-D-Glucopyranoside with highest narrow peak which denotes its abundancy among the nine compounds. It is followed with 6-Octodecanoic acid (18.63), flavone (17.02), Z-13 Octadecan-ly-acetate (20.07), estra-1,2,3, triene (17.7) Isopropyl steateriate (21.32), Phenol,1,2,4-Bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) (16.1), propylene glycol monoleate (22.75) and tetradecanoic acid, 2-ido (24.65).

Ling Liu et al (2007) in the analysis of fruits of Piper longum has identified the presence of 45 compounds in the essential oil obtained with the combination of solvents with different concentration whereas in this study the ethanol solvent has showed the presence of nine compounds with their abundance, that were not observed in the essential oil.

CONCLUSION:

In Piper longum the analysis were made in roots, leaves, dried fruit and seeds of the plant by extracting the essential oil which has showed the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract obtained with the various solvents , but the extraction of maximum compounds with polar solvent ethanol from leaves sample was obtained using GCMS technique. Effect of these compounds needs to be analysed in the future analysis

NAME OF THE COMPOUND	RETENTION VALUE
Methyl 3-O-benzyl –a-D-glucopyranoside	19.43
6-Octodecenoic acid	18.63
Flavone	17.02
Z-13 Octadecan- ly-acetate	20.07
Estra -1,2,3 trien-	17.7
Isopropyl stearate	21.32
Phenol, 1, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-	16.1
Propylene glycol monoleate	22.75
Tetradecanoic acid, 2-ido-	24.65

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Received on 09.10.2019 Modified on 14.12.2019

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(7): 3169-3170.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00560.0