Pharmacognostical Evaluation and Standardisation of Ayurvedic Formulation Patoladi Kwatha Churna for Psoriasis

Senthamil Kavitha¹*, Kumudavalli²

¹Lecturer in Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur – 613004

²Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vinayaga Missions College of Pharmacy, Salem-636008

*Corresponding Author E-mail: kavimani4063@gmail.com, kumudhu27@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Skin disease are most common form of infections occurring in people of all ages. Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease which is characterised by patches of a abnormal skin. These skin patches typically red, itchy, and scaly. They may vary in severity from small and localised to complete body coverage.  Injury to the skin can trigger psoriatic skin changes at that spot, which is known as koebner phenomenon. Ayurveda is an ancient medical science which has developed in India thousands of years ago. Ayurveda system of medicine uses 700 species, most notably Adharva Veda which dates back to 5000 years. The ancient Vedic literature by sages has clearly laid out instruction to maintain health as well as fighting illness through therapies, massages, herbal medicines, diet control and exercises.

KEYWORDS: Formulation, Standardisation, Patoladikwathachurna, Psoriasis.

INTRODUCTION:

The herbal preparation consists of a selective combination of individual herbal ingredients that are formulated for a specific ailment or group of diseases conditions. When herbs combine together, they become more potent and effective within the body than individual herb due to their activating or catalyzing influence over one another. Herbal medicines are prepared from plant materials which are prone to contamination, deterioration and variation in composition. Therefore, quality control of herbal medicine offers a host of problems. To solve this problem, first and foremost task is the selection of the right kind of plant material which is therapeutically efficacious.

ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL MEDICINES:

They have better patient tolerance as well as acceptance, the medicinal plants have renewable source of cheaper medicines. They are cheap in cost. They are not harmful. They are more effective than any synthetic drug.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Patoladikvathachurna is a powder dosage form used in Ayurvedic system of Medicine. On ethno medical survey among the Ayurvedic physicians, it is revealed that the formulation is widely prescribed for its psoriasis activity. As per API, it has been observed that it could be given to treat psoriasis diseases. Though Patoladikwathachurna was into practise, the formulation have not yet standardised completely and using composition of patoladikvathachurna is coming under the sarngadhara-samhita. Note: These same combinations of drug contains in the patoladikwathachurna has not available in the local market.

METHODS:

The raw materials were authenticated and shade dried for few days which is then powdered and stored in a well closed container.

Preparation of Extracts:

The ethanolic solvent extract separately prepared by adding 30 gm (5 gm of each herb) herbal preparation (powder) in 300 ml of ethanol solvent in screw-capped bottles, shacked at 190-220 rpm on a rotary shaker. After 24 h of shaking, it was filtered, evaporated in vacuum and dried by rotary evaporator at 60°C. Dried extract were stored in labelled sterile screw capped bottles at 4°C and later used in further study.

Dosage: 4

40 ml daily in divided doses for 21 days

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

MORPHOLOGY STUDIES:

The crude drugs used in the formulation are viewed macroscopically through the naked eyes and the results are tabulated as follows:

Table 1  Results of Macroscopical Studies

S. NO	PLANT NAME	COLOUR	ODOUR	TASTE	SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS	SIZE AND SHAPE
1	Trichosanthesdioica Roxb	Upper surface green, lower surface dull green	Not specific	Slightly bitter	Both surfaces are very rough with rigid hairs. Sinuate and dentate margin, cordate base,    acute to acuminate apex.	Ovate-oblong Cordate
2	PicrorhizakurroaRoyle ex Benth	Greyish brown	Pleasant	Extremely bitter	Rough due to wrinkles, circular scales of roots, marked with numerous partially encircling closely arranged scaly leaves or scars of leaves, attached with a few roots fracture short.	Rhizome about 5.4 cm in length and 6.3 mm in width.
3	Santalum album Linn	Reddish brown	Highly fragment	Bitter	Straight grains and splits easily longitudinally, heavy and solid.	Log and chips varying in width and length.
4.	Marsdeniatenacissima	Yellow to buff coloured with dark brown patches	Indistinct	Slightly bitter	Longitudinally ridges and furrow present. Fracture, fibrous in wood, granular in bark region and short.	Cylindrical,0.6 to 2.6 cm thick and varying in length.
5.	Tinosporacordifolia (Wild.Miers.)	Dark brown	Odourless	Bitter	Wood light in weight,barkwarty, numerouslenticels, perforated, dried sample conical pieces, barkpapery, longitudinalridges, difficult to fracture	Varying in length.
6.	Cissampelospareira Linn.	Yellowish grey	Aromatic	At first sweetish and aromatic,latter slightly bitter.	Cylindrical tortuous pieces,entire or split longitudinally,longitudinallywrinkled,woody internally.	1 to 4 cm in diameter,10 cm to 1.0 m long.

STANDARDISATION OF CHURNAM:

ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES:

In-house formulation of PatoladiKvathaChurnam was a light brown colour powder. It was Bitter, Aromatic and Slightly Sweetish in taste. It has a characteristic odour.

POWDER MICROSCOPY

The formulated Churnam was then viewed and the following Results were found to contain all the characters seen the individual powders.

1.1 Characters from Patha - Cissampelospareira L.– Root

Thick walled parenchyma

1.2 Characters from Patola- Trichosanthesdioica Roxb.– leaf

Covering trichomes

1.3 Characters from Murva - Marsdeniatenacissima (Roxb.) Moon. –

Cortical parenchyma

Root

Parenchyma with starch grains

1.4 Characters from Guduci – Tinosporacordifolia (Willd.) Meirs. – Stem

Vessels with bordered pits

1.5 Characters from Santalum album Linn.– Wood

Fibre bundle

1.6 Characters from Katuki – Picrorhizakurroa Royle ex Benth. – Rhizome

Reticulate vessel

From the observations seen in the formulation, it is very clear that the Churnamposses all the ingredients in the light ratio as mentioned in the API. All the characteristic features matches with the powder microscopy of the individual powder samples.

TABLE 2 PHYSICO- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PATOLADI KVATHA CHURNA

S. NO	PARAMETERS	RESULTS
1	Total ash	9.8%
2	Acid insoluble ash	1.8%
3	Water soluble ash	8.2%
4	Water soluble extractive	20.5%
5	Ethanol soluble extractive	10.2%
6	Loss on drying	10.58%
7	Foreign organic matter	0.9%
8	PH	6.78

All the Pysicochemical parameters were analysed.

TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION:

EVALUATION OF SAFETY PROFILE OF THE FORMULATION:

Determination of microbial contamination in PKCF.

The microbial load of formulation were determined and compared with WHO specified limits.

Table: 3  Results of microbial contamination of PKCF.

S. No	Test	Observation	Limit As per (API)
1	Total Viable aerobic count (bacteria)	Nil	NMT 10^7cfu/g
2	Total Viable aerobic count (Fungi)	Nil	NMT 10^4cfu/g
3	Escherichia coli	Nil	NMT 10^2cfu/g
4	Salmonella spp	Nil	Absence Per Gram

Determination of heavy metal contamination in PKC:

Limit test for total toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, iron, nickel and zinc were analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrosocpy) and it was assured that these toxic heavy metals were present in the raw drug in a limited quantity which is acceptable as a non-toxic level to be safety used to prepare a marketed formulation for human oral consumption. The results were tabulated as follows.

Table 4  Results for heavy metal contamination of PKC

S. No.	Heavy Metal	Observation (ppm)	Permissible limits (ppm) As per (API)
1	Mercury	<1	1
2	Cadmium	<0.1	0.3
3	Lead	<3	10
4	Arsenic	<2	3

Estimation of Aflatoxins in PKC:

Aflatoxins are highly poisonous and carcinogenic chemicals that are produced by certain moulds which grow in soil. Pediatric Population is highly susceptible to Aflatoxins exposure. The most toxic type of Aflatoxin is B₁, which can easily permeate through the skin. The Churnam is estimated for the presence of Afflatoxins and the results were tabulated as follows.

Table 5  Result for the estimation of Aflatoxins

S. No.	Aflatoxins	Observation (ppm)	Permissible Limit (ppm) As per (API)
1	B1	0.11±0.01	0.5
2	G1	0.11±0.01	0.5
3	B2	0.06±0.02	0.1
4	G2	0.06±0.01	0.1

CONCLUSION:

Experiments for all physicochemical parameters were performed for the finished products as per API and results obtained were verified with the limits and proved to be successful. An extensive toxicological evaluation was done using the latest equipments to ensure the safety profile of the formulation. Total bacterial count and total fungal count was almost nil. This showed that the formulation is free of pathogenic organisms. The levels of heavy metals, pesticides, Aflatoxins were also determined. The results obtained were appreciable. Estimation of sodium content in the formulation revealed that the percentage of sodium is within the specified limits.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

I honestly thank Dr. K.N. Sunil kumar, Research Officer and HOD, Pharmacognosy, Siddha Central Research Institute, Arumpakkam, Chennai-600106 for the authentication of my plants.

REFERENCES:

1. Anonymus Sarngadhara-Samhita, first section, Page Number-59-Patoladi Kwatha Churna.

2. Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part-1, Second Ed Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, 2003.P- 57.

3. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Part-I, Vol I, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, 2001. P-92-93, 41-42.

4. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Vol II, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi,1999. P-85-86,116-117, 207.

5. Dinesh jadhav, Medicinal Plants of India (A Guide to Ayurvedic and Ethnomedicinal uses of plants of India), Pawan kumar Scientific Publishers, Vol I, and Vol II, 2008. P 154, 73, 204, 229, 196.

6. Dr. A.K. Nadkarni, Indian Materia Medica, vol-1, Patoladi Kvatha, 1976,P-1237.

Received on 10.07.2019            Modified on 08.09.2019

Accepted on 14.10.2019           © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2020; 13(3): 1171-1174.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00215.2