Tinospora cordifolia– A plant with Spectacular natural immunobooster

 

Prativa Biswasroy¹, Sthitapragnya Panda¹, Chandan Das¹, Debajyoti Das¹, Durga Madhab Kar², Goutam Ghosh¹*

¹Dept. Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003

²Dept. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003

 

ABSTRACT:

Every moment and every event, plant plays a vital role of every man's life. The way of the existence of plants is a great offering not only their own nutritive value but also their cosmic energies which bring us universal light for universal life. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi- the one who protects) is one such plant, which is familiar for its tramondous modern medicinal properties. Guduchi which is considered to be one of the amrit plants having Mernispermaccae family, is a tropical climbing herb. The term "amritavalli" in Sanskrit meaning "creeper with amrit", being a source of information to its climbing nature and highly assess for its revitalizing, immune boosting and other beneficial properties. According to its beneficial actions, Tinospora cordifolia is grouped as a rejuvenative, anti-rheumatic, bitter tonic, and diuretic property. It is a powerful nutritive tonic which brings nourishment to whole body tissue and having the ability to detoxify the body while simultaneously capability for rejuvenating. Beside, this it also emphasis some pharmacological activity such as antidiarrhoel, antioxidant, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory. The present data emphasis its nutritive utility with its focus on providing high-quality health care delivery to mankind.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Herbal represent one of the most important sources of medicines from the beginning of human civilization¹. Heart shape leaf named Tinospora cordifolia or guduchi is one of the most divine herbs in India which is used without causing any harmful effects. Tinospora cordifolia is such blessed plant to mankind for its astounding health benefit which is proven for its bioactive principle². “Tinospora cordifolia” or “Amrita” is an important drug of Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) since times immemorial.

 

About 70 genera and 450 species found in tropical low land regions, is one of the leading areas of research globally³. This plant equitably common plant growing scattered throughout the tropical region. The healing power and curative properties such as antidiarrhoel, antioxidant antiulcer, neuroprotective effect, anti-inflammatory already observed especially in whole plant stem and aerial part. According to ayurveda, guduchi have tremendous potency by increasing killing ability of macrophages, protects the lining against stomach acid as well as microorganisms in immunity disorders and other harmful substances⁴.

 

Ayurvedic significance:

An Ayurvedic herb “Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia)" is the big basket of full of medicinal herbs which are benevolent to human civilization. Major properties seen in this herb are: Rasa (Taste) is having tikta (bitter); Guna (Characteristics) is having guru (heavy) and Veerya (Potency) is having ushna (warm)⁵.

Taxonomic description:

The herb “Giloy” species belongs to the Menispermaceae family is scattered throughout in India, that is extending from the Himalayas down to the southern part of peninsular India. Beside this, it is also available in countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan as well as from South East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand etc⁶.

 

Scientific classification⁷:

 

Botanical name⁸:

Sanskrit: Guduchi, amrita;

Bengali: Giloe, gulancha;

Hindi: Giloya,

Gujarati: Gado, galo;

Telugu: Duyutige, teppatige;

English: Heartleaf moonseed;

Malayalam : Amruthu, Chittamruthu;

Tamil : Shindilakodi.

 

Phramacognostical description:

Guduchi is a large, deciduous extensively spreading climbing shrub with several elongated twining branches. Guduchi is a glabrous climbing shrub and herbaceous vine.

 

Macroscopic characterstics:

Leaf: The leaves are green, membranous & heart shaped, which are simple, alternate, exstipulate, long petioled approximately 15cm having heart shaped⁹.

Flowers: Flowers are unisexual, small, and greenish yellow on axillary and terminal racemes having sepals 6, free in two series of three each¹⁰.

Fruits: Pea-sized fruits are fleshy and single seeded which are drupes, turning red when ripe having aggregate of 1-3, ovoid smooth drupelets on thick stalk with sub terminal style scars, scarlet or orange colored¹¹.

Stem: Stem shows yellowish wood with radially structure exhibit fibrous and transverse section. It contains large vessels separated by narrow medullary rays with long filiform ¹².

Seeds: Seeds are curved in shape where embryo turned curve automatically. Hence, the endocarps have different ornamented with important taxonomic characters ¹³.

Root: The aerial root is characterized by tetra- to penta-arch primary structure ¹⁴.

Bark: Thin, when fleshy stem is peeled it shows greyish or creamy white in colour ¹⁵.

Phyto-chemical and pharmacological activities:

A variety of major chemical constituents include with their pharmacological activities have been summarized in the following manner^16-19.

 

Table no 1: Phytoconstituents of Tinospora cardifolia

 

 

Phyto-chemical and pharmacological activities:

A variety of major chemical constituents include with their pharmacological activities have been summarized in the following manner^16-19.

 

Ethnopharmacology:

Guduchi considered as one of the most divine herb used in fever, jaundice, diabetes, urinary disorders, cancer, dysentery, heart diseases, leprosy, helmenthiasis and rheumatoid arthritis, skin disease, poisonous insect, snake bite, and eye disorders. For drastic result for gout and brain a decoction leaves are used to cure the diseases. Besides this, the combo i.e guduchi and sunthi gives a marvelous effect in the treatment of gout and rheumatic disorders. The root part of guduchi has spectacle a strong emetic and for bowel obstruction by supporting immune system, normal white blood cell structure, function and levels. (Patni 2015). The plant starch part serves as a household remedy for chronic fever, burning sensation and increases energy and appetite. According to the Ayurveda Guduchi have deed action such as; Vaya sthapana- increases longevity, Balya- increases strength, Rasayani- Rejuvenator, Agni deepani- ignites digestive fire and Medhya- Enhances grasping power, and memory. (Baghel 2017)

 

Pharmacological activities:

Pharmacological activities reported from Tinospora cordifolia

Plant part	Extract	Activities	Disease
Aerial parts	Ethanol extract	Neuroprotective effect22, 23	Parkinson’s disease
Whole plant	Ethanol and aqueous extracts	Antiulcer activity23, 24	Ulcer
	Ethanol and aqueous extract	Antidiarrhoel activity22-24	Diarrhea
	Ethanol extract	Antioxidant activity25-31	Liver cancer
		Gastroprotective activity32-33	Gastric ulcer
	Aqueous extract	Hepatoprotective activity 34-35	Jaundice
Stem	Stem Extract	Antidyslipidemic activity36-37	Diabetic
	Ethanol extract	Cytoprotective activity38-39	Genotoxicity
	Aqueous extract	Anti-inflammatory activity40	Paw edema

 

CONCLUSION:

Tinospora cordifolia or Guduchi is the amrit of Ayurveda, the medicinal spectacular herb that is deeply needed and most relevant since, time immemorial. In scientific evaluation there is an abundance study of pharmacological effects of this sacred plant. In the next coming year the presence of chemical compounds of this plant serve as a “prime” for development of novel agents for disorders. The literature survey shows that a limed work has been reported in the root and flower. In this aspect, Tinospora cordifolia need to be carried out for its further studies to recognize in both preventive and clinical medicine. Henceforth, the current review article emphasis on the phytochemistry and pharmacological prospect of the herb and also provides a platform to reinvestigate for discovery of new lead molecules.

 

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Accepted on 31.07.2019           © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2020; 13(2):1035-1038.