INTRODUCTION:

The use of herbal medicine has increased enormously over 30 years. Nearly 80% of worldwide populations depend on herbal medicine for primary healthcare. Uses of medicinal treatment in many developed countries widely embraced with complementary and alternative medicines becoming conventional in Europe, Australia, the UK as well as North America [1]. Herbal plants are used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Traditional herbs used a mixture of several plants that are synergic to each other [2]. Herbal medicines contain natural components which promote alleviate illness and health [3].

The demand for herbal products is for poverty, awareness increasing in herbal products, population increase [4]. There are various herbs, which used to treat cardiovascular problems, digestive and liver disorder metabolic disorders and central nervous system. The herbal remedies consist of various biological active constituents [5]. In India, Ayurveda is being practiced for nearly 5000 years. The basic principle it relays on is that it affects the body, mind, and spirit simultaneously and eventually heal diseases [6]. Some medicinal plants used in the treatment of ulcers such as- Asparagus racemosus, Mimosa pudica, Carica papaya, Murraya koenigii, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Aloe vera (L.), etc [7]. In developing countries the use of Plant materials as over-the-counter drug products, home remedies and in pharmaceutical industry use of plant raw materials. For assessing the quality is essential the established internationally recognized guidelines. The World Health Assembly – WHA40.30 (1987), WHA42.43 (1989) and WHA31.33 (1978) has important role for verify the quality of medicinal plant product by applying suitable standards (WHO, 1998) and modern control techniques [8] A large number of drugs including H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are available for the treatment of peptic ulcer, but clinical evaluation of these drugs has shown incidence of relapses, side effects, and drug interactions. But therapeutic uses of the herbal plant are safe, economical and effective as their ease of availability [9]. A peptic ulcer is a chronic acid-induces lesion disease of the digestive tract which is located in proximal duodenum or stomach and represented by denuded mucosa with the extending defect in the muscularis propria or submucosa. The common causes of Gastroduodenal ulcers are Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID_sand rare causes are Acid-hypersecretory states and Malignancy stress. The symptoms of peptic ulcer disease having burning epigastric pain the pain occurring on an empty stomach and two or five hours after meals or episodic gnawing and nocturnal pain, antisecretory agents, or antacids [10].

Chhui-mui is native of naturalized nearly all through subtropical and tropical parts of India and tropical America and their biological source known is Mimosa pudica L. is a diffuse prickly undershrub and Synonym is Laajvanti, Touch me not. Mimosa pudica are commonly distributed in the roadside, cultivated land, open-spaces, and waste area. [11]. Mimosa pudica is a perennial and annual herb. In Ayurveda, it has been identified as lajjalu. Plant M. pudica leaves are highly sensitive in nature. On mechanical and electrical stimulation M. pudica leaves close itself in the result of electrical and mechanical stimulation. The duration of response depends on the intensity of the stimulus [12].

Botanical description:

Usually, Mimosa is a short prickly plant branch with its growing close to the ground. It spreads up to 0.3 and height up to 0.5 m. mimosa stem was erect, well Branched, prickly, and slender. [13].

Chemical constituents:

It contains flavonoid C- glycosides, alkaloid mimosine, tannins, mucilage, sterols, terpenoids, non- protein amino acid (mimosin), tannins and fatty acids, triterpenoid-glycoside. M. pudica shows various movements like the thigmotactic movement, nyctinastic movement, and seismonastic movement [14].

Murraya koenigii is commonly known as a curry-leaf tree. used for treatment Antioxidant activity, Anti-diarrhea and cure Bruises and Eruption, Bites of poisonous animals Night blindness, Vomiting, Hypercholesterolemia lightening, antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic activities, Cardioprotective activity, Antipyretic activity, Antiulcer activity. Murraya koenigii is native of Sri Lanka, India, and South Asian countries. In traditional M. koenigii used as dried leaf powder, fresh leaves, flavoring soups, curries, essential oil, fish and meat dishes, seasoning, food preparations and cosmetic aromatherapy industry [15]. Highly values plant is Murraya koenigii for its characteristic medicinal value and aroma. It is also important in the export commodity from India for its good foreign fetches revenue [16].

Botanical Description:

Murraya koenigii stem is dark green to brownish in color and small spreading shrub which 2.5 meters in height. Upon peeling off the bark extensive the underneath visible the white wood. The main stem’s diameter up to 16cm. The leaves up to 30 cm long with each bearing 24 leaflets. The flower is a funnel-shaped white color, characteristic having a sweet aromatic. The fruit shapes are round to oblong with 1 to 1.2cm in the diameter and 1.4 to 1.6cm in length [17].

Chemical Constituents:

It consists of various chemical constituents such are Bispyrafoline, Bismurrayafoline E, β- Elemene, α-Selinene, Aromadendrene, Girinimbine (Figure 1), α-Humulene, α-Pinene, Bicyclomahanimbine, Butanedioic Acid, Shatavarin IV (Figure 2).

Asparagus racemosus is also known as Shatavari as well as satmuli and commonly throughout India, the Himalayas and Sri Lanka. It grows 1 -2 meters tall and rocky soil high up in piedmont plains [18]. In Ayurveda, this herb is known as the “Queen of herbs”, because it assists devotion and love [19]. This herb is highly effective in the female reproductive system. Asparagus racemosus is a well known Ayurvedic Rasayana that increases longevity prevent ageing, inflammation, impart immunity, vigor, tumors, and improves mental function, add vitality to the body, nervous disorders, dyspepsia, hepatopathy, and neuropathy [20]. A. racemosus root is used in the treatment of antioxidants, antiulcer, and antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal and immunomodulatory activities, etc.

Botanical description:

Asparagus genus comprises distributed up to 250 species throughout the world. The ranges of the plant up to 1500 m and present in subtropical and tropical regions. [21]. Leaves of Asparagus having resemblance with pine needles. The month of February-March flowering may occur, and it small and uniform in size. Fruits can be attractive red berries and small, round in shape. The Shatavari prefers to grow in arid, moist and humid conditions [22].

Chemical constituents:

The major active constituents are vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Isoflavones, steroidal saponins, mucilage, asparagine, polysaccharides, racemosol, and folic acid present in roots.

Table: 1 Taxonomical classification of herbs [23, 24, 25].

S. No	Scientific classification	*Mimosa pudica*	*Murraya koenigii*	*Asparagus racemosus*
1.	Kingdom	Plantae	Plantae	Plantae
2.	Division:	Magnoliophyta	Magnoliophyta	Angiosperms
3.	Class:	Magnoli	Magnoliospida	Monocots
4.	Order:	Fabales	Sapindales	Asparagales
5.	Family	Mimosaceae	Rutaceae	Asparagaceae; Liliaceae
6.	Subfamily	Mimosoideae	Aurantioideae	Asparagoideae
7.	Species	M. pudica	M. koenigii	Racemosus
8.	Genus	Mimosa	Murraya J.Koenig ex L.	Asparagus

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

The fresh leaves of Mimosa pudica (Chui Mui)., Murraya koenigii (meethi neem) and root of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) was collected in November from the herbal garden of pharmacy from Pranveer Singh institute of technology (PSIT) campus, Kanpur. The leaves were washed with tap water, then the materials of plant leaves and root separated and shade dried under room temperature for 7-14 days [26].

Figure 3. Images of plants used in the study

Pharmacognostic evaluation:

Table: 2 Morphological evaluations of the plants

S. No	Plant part	*Mimosa pudica*	*Murraya koenigii*	*Asparagus racemosus*
01.	Branches	Short prickly branches	Dark grey bark	Shiny green and uniform
02.	Leaves	Sensitive to touch, Bipinnate	Glabrous, imparipinnate	Like pine needles, uniform
03.	Flowers	Globose head, Axillary	Ebracteate, small	Small spikes
04.	Stem	Prickly, slender, Erect	Dark brown (unpeeled)	Brittle and delicate
05.	Root	Cylindrical, rependant, tapering	Tetrarch to pentarchstele	Elongated, tuberous,

Table: 3 Macroscopic Characteristics of the plants [27,28, and 29].

S. No	Features	*Asparagus racemosus*	*Murraya koenigii*	*Mimosa Pudica*
01.	Length	5 to 60 cm	4.9 cm long	0.6 to 1.2 cm long
02.	Width	1 to 2.5 cm	1.8 cm broad	0.3 to 0.4 cm broad
03.	Color	White to buff	Dark green to brownish	Yellowish green
04.	Shape	Bell-shaped with 6 petals.	Margin, apex, base,	Petiolate, stipulate
05.	Odor	No specific odor	Aromatic	Pungent

Physicochemical properties:

Properties of physicochemical powder combination powder of Asparagus racemosus roots, Mimosa pudica leaves and Murraya koenigii leafs combination powder taken in a ratio 1:1:1 testing was done by the method as above mentioned.

1. Powder study

2. Determination of ash value

3. Acid insoluble ash

4. Determination of moisture content (loss of drying)

Powder study:

The combination powder of Mimosa pudica leaf, Murraya koenigii leaf, and roots of Asparagus racemosus was light greyish green in color with a characteristic odor.

Determination of ash value of the crude drug:

Ash value was used to determine the quality and purity of a crude drug. Ash contains inorganic radicals like carbonates, phosphates, and silicates of sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, etc. Taken 3gm powder drug in a tarted silica crucible. Incineration was done at 400to 420̊c temperature by using Muffer Furnace till free from carbon and cool. Kept in desiccators, ash was weighed and the percentage of total ash was calculated.

Acid insoluble ash:

Obtained the total ash was boiled with 25ml of dilute hydrochloride acid for 5 min and filter with ash less filter paper and then collected the material on an ash less filter paper was poured. Ignited washed in crucible cool and kept in a desiccator, weighted the residue and calculated the acid insoluble ash and compared with 1.5 gm air-dried drug.

Determination of moisture (loss of drying):

Determination of moisture by loss on drying method. Taken 3gm powder of drug in a flat and thin porcelain dish. Which allowed drying at 100C to 105 ̊C in the oven, weighted do not differ more than 0.5mg and allowed for cool in a desiccator. The loss in weight of moisture was recorded. Slowly proceed with the burning of the powder and material not be allowed too dense fumes and give off smoke. For materials the desiccation method is useful at an elevated temperature that melts in a sticky mass and loss in weighted is recorded as moisture [30].

Polyherbal Powder Microscopy:

Polyherbal crude power of Mimosa pudica, Murraya koenigii and Asparagus racemosus is used in the studies of pharmacological. Shown in Figure 4 Polyherbal powder is consists of the crystals, bundle sheath, stone cells, and fibers.

Figure 4. Powder microscopy of Polyherbal of Mimosa pudica Murraya koenigii and Asparagus racemosus

Extraction (Soxhlet extraction):

The polyherbal extract will be prepared of Mimosa pudica (Chui Mui) leaves, Murraya koenigii (meethi neem) leaves and roots of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) at were shade dried and weighted separately and combined coarsely powdered extracted in Soxhlet extraction solvent used as Ethanol for 3 days. 400 ml ethanol was added to the powder of polyherbal extract in the Soxhlet apparatus. The extract was collected in a round bottle flask and concentrated in Rota Vapor till 25ml was left in a round bottom flask [31].

Fluorescence analysis:

UV fluorescence Analysis was done with taken 0.5gm powders of plant powder extract into a dry test tube and clean. Each tube contains 5ml of individual organic solvents such as methanol, sulphuric acid, chloroform, distilled water, ethanol, hydrochloric acid, and glacial acetic acid was individually added. All tubes were than tremble and allowed to support for up to 25 min (Fig. The obtained solutions visualized under UV light of visible light and long-wavelength (365 nm) and short-wavelength (254 nm) for characteristic color [32]. (Figure 5)

Figure 5. Powder extract with an organic solvent

Phytochemical screening:

The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii, Mimosa pudica and root of Asparagus racemosus for qualitative identification. Phytochemical Screening is important for pharmacological activities possessed by the crude drugs that are attributed to the presence of active principles. The herbal ethanolic extract was assessed for secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrate, phenols, coumarins, and flavonoids by using standard methods [33]

Test for alkaloids:

0.5ml of an extract of plant taken and Wagner's reagent was added, a positive test was confirm by showing a reddish-brown precipitate.

Test for carbohydrate:

1ml of plant extract taken and added 0.5gm α-naphthol from the side of the test tube added a concentrated H2SO4, violet ring confirm the positive test.

Test for flavonoids:

Sodium hydroxide solution few drops were added in 0.5 ml of plant extract, by addition of dilute acetic acid a yellow color change in colorless which confirms the presence of flavonoids.

Test for phenols:

Extract portion was treated with 5% aqueous ferric chloride which formation of black color and deep blue color indicates the presence of the phenol.

Test for coumarins:

10% NaOH few drops were added in 2ml of extract which appears yellow color which indicates presences of coumarins.

Test for tannins:

10% alcoholic ferric chloride solution added 2 ml plant extract which appears greenish or blue color solution.

Test for terpenoids:

2 ml extract was taken added 1 ml of chloroform with few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid. Formation of reddish-brown precipitates which indicate the presence of terpenoids.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Physiochemical Properties:

Properties of physiochemical powder of Mimosa pudica leaves, Murraya koenigii leaves and Asparagus racemosus roots like ash value of the crude drug and moisture content and was done by testing the method as above mentioned. The results have shown Loss on drying as 0.00076%, Total ash as 0.0089% and Acid insoluble ash as 0.54 %(w/w).

Phytochemical Analysis:

The preliminary Phytochemical screening was carried out on the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Murraya Koenigii, Mimosa pudica and root of Asparagus racemosus for qualitative identification which is shown in table 4.

Table 4. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of crushed leaves of Mimosa pudica leaves of Murraya koenigii and roots plant of Asparagus racemosus

S. No	Phytochemical constituents	Results
01	Alkaloids	Negative
02	Carbohydrates	Negative
03	Flavonoids	Positive
04	Phenols	Positive
05	Coumarins	Positive
06	Tannins	Positive
07	Terpenoids	Negative

Positive express the presence of the chemical substance and where negative expresses the absence of the chemical substance.

Fluorescence Analysis:

Fluorescence Analysis of powder of polyherbal was done by using multiple chemicals. The chemical was mix with powder extract and showing the color which is mentioned in the give below table no.5 the result founded of fluorescence analysis.

Table no. 5: Result showing the fluorescence analysis of polyherbal powder extracts.

S. No	Chemicals	Day Light	Short wavelength	Long-wavelength
01	Ethanol	Light green	Green	Orange
02	Sulfuric acid	Black	Black	Light black
03	Hydrochloride	Dark brown	Black	Black
04	Chloroform	Green	Light green	Dark yellow
05	Methanol	Dark green	Green	Dark yellow
06	Acetic acid	Brown	Green	Black
07	Water	Light brown	Light green	Green

CONCLUSION:

Herbal plants are used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Traditional herbs used a mixture of several plants that are synergic to each other. In developing countries the use of Plant materials as over-the-counter drug products, home remedies and in pharmaceutical industry use of plant raw materials. A large number of drugs including H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are available for the treatment of peptic ulcer, but clinical evaluation of these drugs has shown an incidence of relapses, side effects, and drug interactions. But therapeutic uses of the herbal plant are safe, economical and effective as their ease of availability. Therefore, this report describes the various studies of polyherbal powder for beneficial uses. Research works need to be done for therapeutic and commercial uses.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

My genuine thanks to Director Dr. A.K Rai and Department of Pharmacy at PSIT and who allowed the facilities to progression my Research work successfully.

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Received on 03.03.2020 Modified on 17.04.2020

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(12):5743-5748.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01000.8