Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Bio Active Compounds Presents in Oeophylla smaragdina

 

Natarajan P¹*, Suthar Singh², Balamurugan K³

¹Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India

²Vice Principal, Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu

³Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India

 

ABSTRACT:

Objective: The aim to determine the active compounds in the ant of Oeophylla smaragdina (OS), Materials and Method: Analysis of Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the EEOS was performed on thermo gas chromatography- Trace ultra ver: 5.0. Results: The phytochemical tests to identify the Flavonoids, glycosides, Steroids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, protein, amino acid and cholesterol in EEOS. The GC-MS analysis has shown to identify the 36 compounds. Conclusions: The EEOS reveals the medicinally valued components and to need the investigation of Pharmacological Importance.

 

 

1. INTRODUCTION:

Natural products have been a main source to identify new molecule of drugs¹. The present research to focuses on natural sources molecules and products. Since the source was easily available and collection based on their ethno medicinal uses². The active principles of herbal and animals are utilizing of many research activities and also responsible for wide range of therapeutic effect³. The medicinal preparations available in the market have less effective or have to develop resistance. Natural drug Plant or animal derived drug serves as a protective effect and less toxic⁴.

 

There is no rational therapy available in western medicines as such for the cure of these diseases⁵. They may be produced for immediate or as the basis main utilising for natural products and may contain excipients or inert ingredients⁶. According to the WHO, 2003 about 80 % of the population of developing countries being unable to afford drugs relies on traditional medicines, mainly plant animal based, to sustain their primary health care needs⁷.

 

In America in least 584 animal species and distributed in 13 different categories to use in traditionally⁸. In India nearly, 15-20% of ayurvedic medicines are animal based substances⁹.

 

Gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry (GC- MS) is an analytical method to identify different substances with in a test sample. Applications of GC-MS include drug detection, investigation, analysis, investigation and identification of unknown compound¹⁰. The objective to investigate the characterize of active compounds in ethanolic extracts of Oeophylla smaragdina.

 

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

2.1 Ant authenticated:

The weaver ant Oecophylla smaradina (OS) (Family: Formicidae) was authenticated by Dr. K. Vasudevan, Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Naud, India

 

2.2 Extraction method:

The ant Oecophylla Smaragdina (OS) was collected and kept in the refrigerator for freeze and dried. The dried ants were extracted under reflux for 2 hrs with 95% ethanol three times successively¹¹.

 

 

2.3 GC-MS analysis:

GC/MS analyses were carried out using Trace GC 2000 (produced by THERMO) connected to FINNIGAN SSQ 7000 mass spectrometer, using DB-5 capillary column (5%-phenyl methylpolysiloxane) (50m x 0.25mm) and flame ionization detector. The carrier gas used was helium, injection volume was 1µl, and injector temperature was 250⁰C, with programmed temperature oven started from 50 to 300⁰C (for the unsaponifiable matter¹². The relative percentage amount of each component was calculated by comparing its average peak area to the total areas. Software adopted to handle mass spectra and chromatograms was a Turbo Mass V. 5.2.0.¹³

 

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Flavonoids, glycosides, Steroids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, protein, amino acid and cholesterol were found in EEOS and also identify the constituents and Retention time (RT), Molecular formula, molecular weight (MW) and Percentage of peak area. From the GCMS analysis, the EEOS has identified the compounds were revealed. (Table 1)

 

Thirty-six compounds with n-Hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were identified as the compounds in OS. GCMS analysis of ethyl acetate extract of Goniothalamus umbrosus revealed the n-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12- octadecadienoic acid etc. were identified the leaf extract of Aloe vera¹⁴.

 

The EEOS can be often identified from the peak pattern of the Chromatography analysis. The compounds of EEOS was identified by the initial qualitative analysis and GCMS analysis. Each compound identified its unique character for various diseases.

 

 

Figure:1 Typical chromatogram of the bioactive compound present in the ethanol extract of OS

 

 

Figure: 2 Typical chromatogram of the bioactive compound present in the ethanol extract of OS

 

 

 

Table 1 GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extract of OS

No	Retention time	Name of the compound	Formula	Molecular weight	Peak Area %	Compound Structure
1	7.316	1-Butanamine, 3-methyl-N-(3-methylbutylidene)	C10H21N	155	0.14
2	14.999	Dodecanoic acid	C12H24O2	200	0.40
3	15.558	1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(1-methylethyl) ester	C14H18O4	250	015
4	17.364	Tetradecanoic acid	C14H28O2	228	0.79
5	17.716	Ethyl pentadecanonate	C17H34O2	270	0.12
6	18.351	Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-	C11H18N2O2	210	0.19
7	19.395	cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid	C16H30O2	254	1.04
8	19.572	n-Hexadecanoic acid	C16H32O2	256	13.84
9	19.861	Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	C18H36O2	284	2.95
10	20.117	l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate	C38H68O8	652	0.53
11	20.292	Octadecanoic acid	C18H36O2	284	0.81
12	20.413	9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)	C18H34O2	282	1.34
13	20.558	Heptadecanoic acid	C17H34O2	270	0.66
14	20.700	Heptadecene	C17H34	238	0.31
15	20.823	n-Nonadecanol	C19H40O	284	0.44
16	20.908	Heneicosane	C21H44	296	0.98
17	21.006	9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), methyl ester	C19H36O2	296	0.34
18	21.092	Cyclododecasiloxane, tetracosamethyl-	C24H72O12Si12	888	0.20
19	21.240	Hexadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester	C18H36O2	284	0.25
20	21.510	Octadec-9-enoic acid	C18H34O2	282	34.98
21	21.702	Stearic acid	C18H36O2	284	5.68
22	21.746	Ethyloleate	C20H38O2	310	13.03
23	22.010	Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	C20H40O2	312	14.06
24	22.825	Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl-	C18H54O9Si9	666	1.01
25	22.975	(9E)-9-Octadecenoic acid	C18H34O2	282	0.74
26	23.092	1,3-Dioxolane, 4-ethyl-5-octyl-2,2-bis(Trifluro methyl)-, trans-	C15H24F6O2	350	0.85
27	23.261	3-Cyclopentylpropionic acid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester	C12H23NO2	213	0.52
28	23.371	Pentacosane	C25H52	352	1.07
29	23.500	Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl	C39H76O5	624	0.35
30	23.592	7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester	C19H34O2	294	0.42.
31	23.778	Decyl oleate	C28H54O2	422	0.32
32	23.955	5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, ethyl ester, (all	C22H36O2	332	0.29
33	24.749	9-Octadecenamide, (Z)-	C18H35NO	281	0.21
34	26.397	Fumaricacid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl heptyl ester	C15H27NO4	285	0.23
35	26.750	17-Octadecynoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester	C21H40O2Si	352	0.13
36	28.681	Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	C24H38O4	390	0.62

 

Table 2 Biological properties of the phytocompounds.

S. No	Compounds	Biological activity
1	1-Butanamine, 3-methyl-N-(3-methylbutylidene)	Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory
2	Dodecanoic acid	Antioxidant, Antibacterial, COX-1&COX-2inhibitor, Antiviral, Hypocholesterolemic, Candidicide
3	1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, bis (1-methylethyl) ester	Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory
4	Tetradecanoic acid	Antioxidant, Cancerpreventive, Nematicide, Lubricant Hypocholesterolemic
5	Ethyl pentadecanonate	No activity reported
6	Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-	Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant
7	cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid	No activity reported
8	n-Hexadecanoic acid	Antioxidant, Hypocholesterolemic Nematicide, Pesticide, Lubricant, Antiandrogenic, Flavor, Hemolytic, 5-Alphareductase inhibitor
9	Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	Antioxidant, Hypocholesterolemic Nematicide, Pesticide, Lubricant, Antiandrogenic, Flavor, Hemolytic5-Alpha reductase inhibitor
10	Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate	Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory
11	Octadecanoic acid	No activity reported
12	9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)	Anti-inflammatory, Antiandrogenic, Cancer preventive, Dermatitigenic, Hypocholesterolemic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor, Anemiagenic, Insectifuge, Flavor
13	Heptadecanoic acid	No activity reported
14	1-Nonadecene	No activity reported
15	n-Nonadecanol	Antimicrobial
16	Heneicosane	No activity reported
17	9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), methyl ester	Anti-inflammatory, Antiandrogenic Cancer preventive, DermatitigenicHypocholesterolemic,5-Alphareductase inhibitor, Anemiagenic Insectifuge, Flavor
18	Cyclododecasiloxane, tetracosamethyl	No activity reported
19	Hexadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester	Antioxidant, Hypocholesterolemic, Nematicide, Pesticide, Lubricant, Antiandrogenic, Flavor, Hemolytic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor
20	Octadec-9-enoic acid	Anti-inflammatory, Antiandrogenic, Cancer preventive, Dermatitigenic, Hypocholesterolemic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor, Anemiagenic Insectifuge, Flavor
21	Stearic acid	No activity reported
22	Ethyloleate	Anti-inflammatory, Antiandrogenic Cancer preventive, Dermatitigenic, Hypocholesterolemic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor, Anemiagenic Insectifuge, Flavor
23	Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	No activity reported
24	Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl-	No activity reported
25	(9E)-9-Octadecenoic acid	Anti-inflammatory, Antiandrogenic Cancer preventive, Dermatitigenic Hypocholesterolemic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor, Anemiagenic, Insectifuge, Flavor
26	1,3-Dioxolane,4-ethyl-5-octyl-2,2-bis (Trifluro methyl)	Antimicrobial
27	3-Cyclopentylpropionicacid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester	No activity reported
28	Pentacosane	No activity reported
29	Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl	No activity reported
30	7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester	Anti-inflammatory, Hypocholesterolemic Cancer preventive, Hepatoprotective, Nematicide Insectifuge, Antihistaminic Antieczemic, Antiacne, 5-Alphareductaseinhibitor Antiandrogenic, Antiarthritic, Anticoronary, Insectifuge
31	Decyl oleate	Anti-inflammatory, Antiandrogenic Cancer preventive, Dermatitigenic, Hypocholesterolemic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor, Anemiagenic, Insectifuge, Flavor
32	5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, ethyl ester	Cardio protective
33	9-Octadecenamide, (Z)-	Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory
34	Fumaric acid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl heptyl ester	Antimicrobial, Used in psoriasis treatment
35	17-Octadecynoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester	No activity reported
36	Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	Antimicrobial, Antifouling

 

The maximum compounds were having anti-inflammatory activity. The chemical compounds identified and presented in Table1. GC-MS analysis revealed that anti-inflammatory activity in the following compounds 1-Butanamine, 3-methyl-N-(3-methylbutylidene), Pyrrolo [1,2-a]pyrazine-1, 4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), methyl ester, Octadec-9-enoic acid, Ethyl oleate, (9E)-9-Octadecenoic acid, 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, Decyl oleate, 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)-.

 

4. CONCLUSION:

The ethanolic extract of ant of OS revealed the medicinally valued components and it can be used to treatment of various disease. In further investigation is needed to identify the pharmacological importance.

 

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are very thankful to Mr. S. Sreeram Ashok Correspondent, Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India for providing the facilities.

 

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Received on 22.01.2019          Modified on 10.03.2019

Accepted on 10.04.2019        © RJPT All right reserved