The GC MS Study of one Ayurvedic Medicine, Aragwadharishtam

 

Hassan Mohammad¹, Prabhu K², Mudiganti Ram Krishna Rao^3*, R. Lakshmi Sundaram⁴, Sampad Shil⁵, Vijayalakshmi N⁵, Sruthi Dinakar⁶

¹Research Scholar, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chrompet, Chennai - 600092.

²Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chrompet, Chennai - 600 092.

³Professor, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600073.

⁴Scientific Officer, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Purur, Chennai - 600116.

⁵Student, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600073.

⁶Ayurvedic Practitioner, Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala, Chennai.

 

ABSTRACT:

Aragwadharishtam is an Ayurvedic preparation used mainly to detoxify the body. Its main use is in the cure of skin diseases, ulcers and piles. The present study deals with the GC MS analysis of Aragwadharishtam to know the presence of phytochemicals present in this medicine. The GC MS profile indicated the presence of some very important molecules such as Phnylethyl alcohol, Ethyl hydrogen succinate, Butanedioic acid diethyl ester, 4-Ethyl-2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one, Eugenol, Ethyl gallate, 1,2,3- Benzenetriol, Benzeethanol,4-hydroxy-, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy -1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester and Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-hydroxypropyl ester etc. These molecules have a number of important medicinal roles which could substantiate their participation towards the medicinal activity of Aragwadharishtam as a detoxifying formula as claimed by Ayurveda. However, further work in this direction is warranted to prove the medicinal efficacy of the medicine.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Aragwadharistam is an Ayurvedic medicine used mainly for skin disorders and is believed to detoxify the body. It is also used for intestinal worms, piles and ulcers. In the present study Aragwadharishtam was subjected to GC MS analysis to know the various compounds present therein and to ascertain whether such compounds have any related medicinal roles as is found in Aragwadhristham.

 

 

 

The following proportions of each of the ingredients present in 10 ml of Aragwadharishtam:

1. Sarkara - Saccharum officinarum - 2.963 g

2. Kshaudra - Honey 0.952 g

3. Aragwadha mula - Cassia fistula (Root) 1.185 g

4. Aragwadha patra - Cassia fistula (Leaf) 1.185g

5. Aragwadha pushpa -Cassia fistula (Flower) 1.185 g

6. Aragwadha phala - Cassia fistula (Fruit) 1.185 g

7. Aragwadha twak - Cassia fistula (Bark) 1.185 g

8. Vidangasara - Embelia ribes - 0.059 g

9. Amalaki - Phyllanthus emblica - 0.059 g

10. Pathya - Terminalia chebula - 0.059 g

11. Trivrit - Operculina turpethum - 0.178 g

12. Ela - Elettaria cardamomum - 0.015 g

13. Lavanga - Syzigium aromaticum - 0.015 g

14. Maricha - Piper nigrum- 0.015 g

 

It is worthwhile to mention here the medicinal roles of each plant present in this medicine which are mentioned in brief as follows:

 

1. Aragwadha (Cassia fistula) (Golden Shower Tree):

It is plant which has many pharmaceutical applications in Ayurveda. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases, liver troubles, tuberculosis glands, haematemesis, pruritus, leucoderma and diabetes. Traditionally, the plant is also used as an infusion, decoction, or powder, either alone or in combination with other medicinal plants. (Aarti et al, 2017; Ali 2014; Dutta et al, 1980)^{1, 2,3}

 

2. Vidangasara- (Embelia ribes):

This plant is used in Ayurveda and Sidhha formulation since ages and its medicinal roles are well documented. (Souravi and Rajasekharan, 2014)⁴

 

3. Amalaki (Embelica officinale) (Indian Goose berry):

Amla as it is popularly known has properties such as antipyretic, analgesic, as skin care lotion, antioxidant and also used to treat Gonorrhoea, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, nose bleeding etc.^{5, 7}

 

4. Pathya - Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) (Chebulic Myrobalan):

One of the constituent of the common Triphala choornam, T. chebula bark, rind, galls etc. have been found to have activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti- diabetic, hepato protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative, radio-protective, cardio protective, hypo lipidemic, antispasmodic, Immuno-modulatory and antiviral (Bag et al, 2013).⁷

 

5. Trivrit - Trivrit (Ipomea turpenthum):

In Ayurveda Trivrit (Ipomea turpenthum syn Operculina turphetum) is used as one of the important herbs for purgation, detoxification and as colon cleanser.  Gupta and Ved, 2017, have reported its various medicinal roles in their review.⁸ The presence of some important biomolecules such as Caumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and various other aromatic compounds in this plant  gives it the various medicinal roles such as anticancer, antioxidant (Kostova et al, 2011), anti-inflammation, anti-HIV, antibacterial, anticoagulant (Alam et al, 2010; Kumari et al, 2010), antitumor, analgesic (Prabhavathi et al, 2012) and immunomodulation activities (Venugopala et al, 2013).^9-14 The antioxidant, hematopoietic, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities of  Ipomea turpenthum have been reported ( Anbuselvam et al,  2007; Kumar et al,2006;  Pulipaka et al, 2012; Sharma et al, 2014).^15-18

 

6. Ela - Cardamom - (Elettaria cardamomum):

Cardamom is another important culinary ingredient used for its characteristic aroma. Apart from the aroma it has medicinal values. Verma et al, 2009, have reported blood pressure lowering, fibrinolysis enhancing and antioxidant activities of Cardamom. Khan et al, 2011, have shown the pharmacological basis of cardamom as medicine for asthma.^{19, 20}

 

7. Lavanga – Clove – Syzigium aromaticum:

Cloves are rich source of phenolic compounds like eugenol and gallic acid, which have medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic.²¹

 

8. Maricha - Pepper - Piper nigrum:

Pepper plays a great role in digestions, useful for low appetite, sluggish digestion, abdominal pain, toxins and borborygmus.²² Its anthelmentic qualities help remove worms. The drug stimulates the thermal receptors and

 

increases secretion of salvia and gastric mucous. It has antimicrobial effect. It influences liver and metabolic function, and has insecticidal effect. It has other pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anticonvulsant, sedative, muscle relaxant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, hepato-protective, antimicrobial, antiulcer and

 

lipolytic.^23,24 Meghwal and Goswami, 2012 have reviewed the chemical and physiological aspects of pepper.²⁵ The dried or fried seeds are used for various culinary and medicinal use. In Ayurveda it is known as Kapha virodhini (works against Phlegm). The decoction of Pepper is used for treating cough.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The GC MS profile is shown in Figure 1. Table 1 indicates the types of compounds identified, their retention times, peak areas and molecular masses.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Represents the GC MS profile of Aragwadharishtam.

 

Table 1. Indicates the retentions values, the type of possible compound, their molecular formulae, molecular mass, peak area and their medicinal roles of each compound as shown in the GC MS profile of Aragwadharishtam

Sl. No	Retention Time	Compound Name	Mol. Formula	Mol Weight	Peak Area	Medicinal Role
1.	3.71	7-Oxabicyclo [2,2,1] heptane,1-methylethyl)-	C10H18O	154.1	888422	Not known
2.	4.36	Phnylethyl alcohol	C8H10O	122.1	13248162	Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, alcohol, detoxificant and antimicrobial.
3.	4.76	Ethyl hydrogen succinate	C6H10O4	146.1	11990325	Hydrogen peroxide inhibitor
4.	4.83	Butanedioic acid, diethyl ester	C8H14O4	174.1	3959694	Arachidonic acid inhibitor, increase aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, inhibit uric acid production
5.	5.14	4-Ethyl-2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one	C7H10O2	126.1	3074837	Decreases endothelial Leucocyte adhesion, decrease endothelial platlet adhesion, encephalopathic, endoanesthetic, endocrinative, endocrine protective, endorphinogic, endotheliam derieved ralxing factor promotor, Ergotamine enhancer, enterotonic, enterostimulant, entermotility enhancer, enterocontractant, endocrine tonic, energizer.
6.	5.47	4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 6- methyl-	C5H6N2O	110	3896456	Catechol-O-methyl-transferase inhibitor, methyl donaor, methyl Guanidine inhibitor, 11B-HSD-Inhibitor, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid hydrogenase inhibitor, 5-HETE-inhibitor, 5-HT-inhibitor, antidote, HDL genic, hemagglutinator
7.	5.92	Eugenol	C10H1202	164.1	14674162	It has medicinal roles such as antifungal, antioxidant, anticonvulsant and local anaesthetic, antistress and bacteriostatic, bactericidal, Anticarcinogenic, depresses activity of central nervous depressant, anti- radiation, antiviral, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and HL-60 leukemia cells.26-32
8.	5.97	1,2,3-Benzenetriol	C6H6O3	126	1331001	Not Known
9.	6.30	Benzeethanol,4-hydroxy-	C8H10O2	138.1	11523412	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor, Testosterone hydroxylase inhibitor
10.	8.65	Ethyl gallate	C9H10O5	198.1	14020845	Arachidonic acid inhibitor, increase aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, inhibit uric acid production
11.	10.71	Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy -1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester	C19H38O4	330.3	8762508	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor, Testosterone hydroxylase inhibitor, Arachidonic acid inhibitor, increase aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, inhibit uric acid production
12	11.35	Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-hydroxypropyl ester	C21H42O4	358.3	4711771	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor, Testosterone hydroxylase inhibitor

 

 

Table 1 indicates the presence of some very important molecules such as Phnylethyl alcohol, Ethyl hydrogen succinate, Butanedioic acid diethyl ester, 4-Ethyl-2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one, Eugenol, Ethyl gallate, 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, Benzeethanol,4-hydroxy-, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy -1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester and Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-hydroxypropyl ester etc. Most of these molecules do have medicinal roles as tabulated. These roles could substantiate the main function of Aragwahdarishtam and this study continues to prove such medicinial efficacy of Aragwadharishtam.

 

CONCLUSION:

The types of compounds as summarized in Table 1 indicate that most of them do have some important medicinal roles which correspond to that of Aragwadharishtam. Further work in this direction to understand the mechanism of action is on.

 

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Received on 18.09.2018         Modified on 11.10.2018

Accepted on 03.11.2018      © RJPT All right reserved