INTRODUCTION:

In official medicine as a source of laxatives used Frangula alnus bark due to the high content of anthracen derivatives [1, 2, 3, 7]. The Russian Federation has registered the following drugs, derived from Frangula alnus bark: "Decoction of Frangula alnus bark," "Collection laxative number 1", "Collection laxative number 2", "Protivogemorroidalnyj collection", "Gastric collection No. 3", "Vikalin", "syrup of Frangula alnus bark ". The most known drug is also "Extract of Frangula alnus bark ", produced in the form of coated tablets [5]. The extract indicates concentrated extraction from medicinal plant material, from which the solvent is partially or completely removed. It is known that solid dosage forms (tablets, capsules) are more popular among the population.

Thus, it is actual to develop an efficient method of obtaining of the extract of Frangula alnus bark for different dosage forms.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Materials:

bark of Frangula alnus Mill. (OAO "Krasnogorleksredstva"). Electronic spectra were measured on the Specord 40 (Analytik Jena) and Unico 2800 UV spectrophotometer. Ultrasonic bath Vilitec VBS.

Methodology:

Extract obtained by the method of modified maceration:

The raw material is crushed to a particle size passing through a sieve with holes of 1 mm diameter. The raw material is divided into 3 equal parts. The raw – extractant ratio (1:10), extractant - 40% ethyl alcohol. The first part insist 48 hours, the second – 12 hours, the third – 30 minutes in a boiling water bath. Further, the raw material is pressed, extraction is settled for 2 days in the cold (at a temperature of 8°C) for the deposition of ballast substances, then filtered. The resulting water-alcohol extraction of Frangula alnus bark evaporated to a thick extract with a moisture content of not more than 25%.

Extract obtained by the method of maceration:

The raw material is crushed to a particle size passing through a sieve with holes of 1 mm diameter. The raw – extractant ratio (1:10), extractant - 40% ethyl alcohol. Infusion was carried out for 7 days, at a temperature of 15-20°C, stirring occasionally. The resulting water-alcohol extraction of Frangula alnus bark evaporated to a thick extract with a moisture content of not more than 25 % [4].

Extract obtained by the method of percolation:

The raw material is crushed to a particle size passing through a sieve with holes of 1 mm diameter. The raw – extractant ratio (1:10), extractant - 40% ethyl alcohol. The method includes three successive stages: wetting of the raw material (swelling of the raw material), infusion, percolation itself. Extraction was carried out by using a laboratory percolator. The resulting water-alcohol extraction of Frangula alnus bark evaporated to a thick extract with a moisture content of not more than 25% [4].

Extract obtained by the method of repercolation:

The raw material is crushed to a particle size passing through a sieve with holes of 1 mm diameter. The raw – extractant ratio (1:10), extractant - 40% ethyl alcohol. The method includes three successive stages: wetting of the raw material (swelling of the raw material), infusion, percolation itself. Extraction was carried out by using three-laboratory percolator. The resulting water-alcohol extraction of Frangula alnus bark evaporated to a thick extract with a moisture content of not more than 25 % [4].

Spectrophotometric determination:

An exact sample of the thick extract (0.2000g) was placed in a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 ml, 15ml of 40% ethyl alcohol was added. The flask was attached to the reverse refrigerator and heated in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was filtered through a paper filter (brand "red tape") into a 50ml volumetric flask, avoiding the ingress of capsule powder on the filter. The procedure was repeated twice, each time filtering the extraction into the same volumetric flask through the same filter. Then the volume of the solution was brought to the mark with 40% alcohol and thoroughly mixed (solution A).

1.0ml of solution A was placed in a 50ml volumetric flask and the volume of the solution was brought to the mark with an alkaline ammonia solution prepared in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition, and heated in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. After cooling, the optical density of the tested solution was measured on a spectrophotometer at an analytical wavelength of 524nm in a ditch with a layer thickness of 10mm purified water was used as a comparison solution.

The content of the total anthracen derivatives calculated on frangulin A in a thick extract of Frangula alnus bark in mg is calculated by the formula:

D * 50 * 50 * Pc * 1000

X = –––––––––––––––––––––

m * 180 * 1 * 100

D – an optical density of the tested solution;

m – the weight of the sample contents of the capsule, g;

Рс – average weight of one capsule;

180 – the specific absorption rate () of an alkaline-ammonia solution of the working standard substance frangulin A at 524nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The study of UV spectra showed that the absorption maximum of alkaline ammonia solutions of thick extracts of Frangula alnus bark, obtained by various methods, is in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum at 524 ± 2 nm (Fig. 1). In the long-wavelength region of the electron spectrum of the alkaline-ammonia solution of frangulin A, there is also a clear absorption maximum at 524 ± 2 nm (Fig. 2). Therefore, the value 524 nm can be used as the analytical wavelength, and the dominant antraglycoside, frangulin A, can serve as a standard sample, and in the absence of a standard in the calculation formula, the theoretical value of the specific absorption index () is 180 [6].

Figure 1: The Electronic spectrum of alkali-ammoniac solution of thick extract of Frangula alnus bark, obtained by the method of modified maceration

Figure 2. Electronic spectra of the initial solution of frangulin A (1) and alkali-ammonium solution of frangulin A (2)

The table 1 presents the results of the quantitative content of total of anthracen derivatives in the extraction of Frangula alnus bark on ethyl alcohol 40% (1:10), depending on the method of production. Thus, the most effective way to obtain a dense extract of Frangula alnus bark was the proposed modified maceration method, which is characterized by a higher yield of active compounds. The extract of Frangula alnus bark declared by us in combination with auxiliaries will allow people suffering from diabetes and various allergic reactions to use this drug.

Table 1: The results of the quantitative content of total anthracen derivatives in the extraction of Frangula alnus bark on ethyl alcohol 40% (1:10) depending on the method of obtaining

SL. No	Extraction Method	The total anthracen derivatives calculated on frangulin A, mg
1.	Maceration	10,98±0,02
2.	Modified maceration	12,95±0,01
3.	Percolation	11,00±0,02
4.	Repercolation	11,90±0,02

Metrological characteristics of the method of quantitative determination of total anthracen derivatives in thick extract of Frangula alnus bark, obtained by the method of modified maceration was presented in table 2. The results of statistical processing of the experiments indicate that the error of a single determination of the total anthracen derivatives in thick extract of Frangula alnus bark is ±4,4.

Table 2: Metrological characteristics of the method of quantitative determination of total anthracen derivatives in thick extract of Frangula alnus bark, obtained by the method of modified maceration

f		S	P, %	t (P,f)	DX	E, %
10	12,95	0,2593	95	2,23	±0,5782	±4,4

CONCLUSION:

Developed effective method of modified maceration to obtain the extract of Frangula alnus, which can be used for various dosage forms. The content of total anthracen derivatives in thick extract of Frangula alnus equal to 12,95% is achieved by a combination of extraction in a water bath and ultrasound extraction. This technique allows to obtain a high content of anthracen derivatives, reduce the extraction time in a water bath and can be used to extract anthracen derivatives from other types of medicinal plant raw materials.

REFERENCES:

1. Kurkin V.A. Pharmacognosy: textbook for students of pharmaceutical faculties, Edn 2, Samara, 2007; 828-840

2. Kurkin V.A. Fundamentals of Phytotherapy: textbook for students of pharmaceutical universities. Samara: OOO “Ofort”: GOU VPO “Sam GMU Roszdrava”; 2009.

3. Murav’eva D.A., Samylina I.А., Yakovlev G.P., Pharmacognosy. Moscow; 2002, 152-155.

4. State Pharmacopeia of Russian Federation. 14 Edition. Volume 2. Pharmaceutical article 2.5.0092.18 “Radix rhei”, Moscow; 2018 Russian Federation; 2018.

5. Mashkovskiy M.D. Drugs. Moscow, 2012,1216.

6. Kurkin V.A., Shmygareva A.A., Sankov A.N. Anthracene derivatives of Pharmacopoeia plants: monograph / Samara: OOO “Ofort”: GOU VPO “Sam GMU Roszdrava”; 2016.

7. Sokolov S. Y. Herbal medicine and pharmacology / S. Y. Sokolov. – M: Honey. inform. Agency, 2000. – 976.

Received on 29.05.2019 Modified on 17.06.2019

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(12): 5956-5958.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.01033.3