Comparison Study
between two laser effects on enhancement of Human Sperm Motility
Dr. Aedah Z. Al-Kaisy, Daliya
A. Al-Eqabi
Department of Basic Sciences,
College of Medicine, University of Baghdad
*Corresponding Author E-mail:
dr.alkarkhi@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Lasers began to be used in the
treatment of infertility between 1980s-1990; the first studies clearly indicate
that human sperm motility as well as velocity can be improved by He-Ne laser
irradiation. After collection, the semen was taken immediately to the
laboratory for sample preparation and physical and morphological analysis.
Semen samples were stored in formalin-saline for evaluation of concentration
and sperm morphology. The samples of semen used were of concentration greater
than 200 × 106/mL, and ejaculate volume greater than 5.0 ml. The gathered data
suggest that primary photo acceptors are connected with oxygen metabolism and,
in particular, with respiratory chains. It is important to recall that the
activation by using (He-Ne)laser more effective than that when we used diode
laser, because the activation by red light more effective to activate the ATP
production ,and as a result increase sperm mutuality red laser light energized
the sperm more than the invisible light absorption. The photo receptors when
using red light were more sensitive to the red light than the invisible (Diode
laser).
KEYWORDS: Laser, Human
Sperm, Enhance, Comparison.
INTRODUCTION:
The common cause of
male infertility is a low sperm count; however, some men are infertile because
of poor sperm motility. It is known that the amount and the quality of
spermatozoa has decreased over the past 50 years, and oligo spermia or a
spermia (which refer low concentration or full absence of sperm cells in the
ejaculate, respectively) are nowadays rather widespread conditions(6).
Also, the total motility of spermatozoa, which refers to the fraction of sperm
that displays any type of movement, has decreased in the last decades.
Activation of sperm flagella motility involves both energy metabolism in
mitochondria and the motile apparatus of the cells.
Mammalian
spermatozoa can produce ATP both by anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic breathing(7).
It is well documented that low- power laser irradiation of spermatozoa can
increase their motility as well as the ATP amount in cells. To the best of our
knowledge, the first publication on this topic appeared in 1984(8).
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
The semen collection was
performed according to the health and safety criteria established by the
Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction (CBRA). After collection, the semen
was taken immediately to the laboratory for sample preparation and physical and
morphological analysis. Semen samples were stored in formalin-saline for
evaluation of concentration and sperm morphology. The samples of semen used
were of concentration greater than 200 × 106/mL, and ejaculate volume greater
than 5.0 ml.
1-collect the semen from about
25 volunteers
2- undergo who procedure in
preparing each sample
3-Devide the collection of
semen into ten groups according to the duration time of irradiation and laser
types2.5Ml each.
4-The first group (A)
irradiated for (10min),group(B)for (15min),group (C) irradiated for
(20min),group (D) irradiated for (25min),and group (E) remain not
radiated(control),all irradiated by semiconductor laser (Ga As)of 904nm,with
power density of (20mw/cm2).
5-After the irradiation, we
take the sample for computer data analysis
The data will arrange in
table-1
6-same procedure were applied
on the other samples (F, G, H, I), band group (J), remain as a control, that
irradiated by another type of laser (He-Ne) with the same power density
(20mW/cm2).
7-These groups undergo to
computer analysis as the in (5), and all the date displayed in table-2
Table- describe the increasing
in sperm motility after laser irradiation (Diode laser) (duration time of 10,
15, 20 and 25 min) continuously
|
Speed of 0 (control) no laser |
Speed of 10min irradiation |
Speed of 15min irradiation |
Speed of 20min irradiation |
Speed of 25min irradiation |
|
15±2 m/sec |
18 m/sec |
20.4 m/sec |
23.7 m/sec |
28.6 m/sec |
Table-2 describe the increasing
in sperm motility after laser irradiation by (He-Ne)(duration time of
10,15,20,25 min)continuously
|
Speed of 0(control) no laser |
Speed of 10min irradiation |
Speed of 14min irradiation |
Speed of 18min irradiation |
Speed of 22min irradiation |
Speed of 26 min irradiation |
|
15±3 m/sec |
16 m/sec |
18.4 m/sec |
20.7 m/sec |
26.4 m/sec |
30.2 m/sec |
RESULTS AND DESICCATION:
First, publications clearly
evidenced that human sperm motility as well as velocity can be improved by
He-Ne laser irradiation(10). Second, it was found in our study that
the irradiation stimulated no motile and badly moving but live spermatozoa to
move.
Human spermatozoa were treated
by Galume aluminum laser (GaAs) at 904 nm has been used to stimulate weak
motility sperms. The use of laser radiation at doses of 20 J/cm2
produced a positive effect in this process, with significant appearance of
activity. At the same time, we use a He-Ne laser radiation at the same doses of
20 J/cm2 the degree of stimulation was even higher than that
with diode laser.
Enhanced
adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) production becomes critical at the time of
fertilization. Motility is activated only upon ejaculation, and so-called
“hyper activation” takes place in this process.
All semen was found
to be improved significantly following He-Ne laser irradiation as shown in
table-2 .It was found in this study spatially at irradiation for(20)min,
the motility increased more than the other groups also there was increasing in
sperm motility also when it compared all the groups with the control(group E
and, I). irradiation increased the sperm motility index, viability, and cell
energy charge. we concluded that laser irradiation might be a useful technique
for enhancing the quality of semen in long-term storage.
Irradiation at
632.8nm was found to increase the motility and velocity of human sperm
following irradiation, average velocity. Fresh human sperm of asthenospermic
patients was irradiated by 904 nm diode laser in doses of 20 J/cm2. It
was found that sperm motility of the control group decreased significantly
depending upon the time passed, whereas in all irradiated groups, it remained constant
or even increased slightly. Significant increase in sperm motility was observed
with irradiation of cells at doses of (20 J/cm2) at (15, 20 and 25 min)
after the irradiation.
The authors believe
that these are the mitochondria that are responsible for the photo activated
CO-insensitive respiration (10). It is remarkable that the respiratory rate of
spermatozoa in the presence of CO was enhanced in proportion to the light
flounce rate. A sharp and large peak was obtained at the wavelength of 632.8nm
in the action spectrum of photo activated respiration of sperm. Respiration in
the presence of CO was inhibited by antimycin A. we concluded, first, that the
described action spectrum could mirror the absorption spectrum of reduced
cytochrome b. Second, they believed that the light absorption by reduced b type
cytochrome activated the redox reaction of this cytochrome to enhance the
respiratory rate (11).
To finish the data about the
use of laser and non-laser light sources in infertility treatment. Without any
doubt, this field seems to be promising. Exact mechanisms of spermatozoa
movement stimulation can be explained. However, the data gathered so far suggest
that primary photo acceptors are connected with oxygen metabolism and, in
particular, with respiratory chains. It is important to recall that the
activation by using (He-Ne) laser more effective than that when we used diode
laser, because the activation by red light more effective to activate the ATP
production, and as a result increase sperm mutuality red laser light energized
the sperm more than the invisible light absorption. The photo receptors when
using red light were more sensitive to the red light than the invisible (Diode
laser) (12). This sentence was about possible primary mechanisms of light
activation of spermatozoids.
REFERENCES:
1. Ebner T. Moser M.
Tews G. Possible applications of a non-contact 1.48 μm wavelength
diode laser in assisted reproduction technologies. Hum. Reprod. Update.
2005;11:425–435.
2. Tadir Y. Neev J.
Berns M.W. Laser in assisted reproduction and genetics. J. Assist. Reprod.
Genet. 1992;9:303–305.
3. Feichtinger W.
Strohmer H. Fuhrberg P. Radivojevic K. Antinori S. Pepe G. Versaci C.
Photoablation of oocyte zona pellicula by Erbium-YAG laser for in vitro
fertilization in severe male interfility. Lancet. 1992;339:811.
4. Kaneta T. Mishima
N. Imasaka T. Determination of motility forces of bovine sperm cells using an
“optical funnel” Anal. Chem. 2000;72:2414–2417.
5. Gerber P.A. Kruse
R. Hirchenhain J. Krüssel J.-S. Neumann J. Pregnancy after laser-assisted
selection of viable spematozoa before intracytoplasmatic sperm injection in a
couple with male primary cilia dyskinesia. Fertil. Steril.
2008;89:1826e9–1826e12.
6. Millan H. Ocaña
Quero J.H. Preliminary results of the evaluation of the use of clinical laser
He-Ne radiation in the process of bovine “in vitro fertilization” Bulletin
UASVM, Veterinary Medicine. 2009;66:495.
7. Enginsu M.E.
Schütze K. Bellanca S. Pensis N. Canpo R. Bassil S. Doknez J. Gordts S.
Micromanipulation of mouse gametes with laser microbeam and optical tweezers.
Hum. Reprod. 1995;10:1761–1764.
8. König K. Tadir Y.
Patrizio P. Berns M.W. Tromberg B.J. Effect of ultraviolet exposure and near
infrared laser tweezers on human spermatozoa. Hum. Reprod.
1996;11:2162–2164.
9. Montag M. Rink K.
Delacretaz G. van der Ven H. Laser induced immobilization and plasma membrane
permeabilization in human spermatozoa. Hum. Reprod.
2000;15:846–852.
10. Ocaña Quero J.H.
Gomez-Villamandos R. Moreno-Millan H. Satisteban-Valenzuela J.M. Sister
chromatid exchange induction in sheep peripheral monuclear cells by He-Ne laser
radiation. Mutat. Res. 1997;377:69–75.
11. Peterson R, N. Freund
M. ATP synthesis and oxidative metabolism in human spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod.
1970;3:47–54.
12. Mukai C. Okino M.
Glycolysis plays a major role for adenosine triphophate supplementation in
mouse sperm flagellar movement. Biol. Reprod. 2004;71:540–547.
Received on 12.05.2019
Modified on 14.06.2019
Accepted on 01.07.2019
© RJPT All right reserved
Research J. Pharm. and Tech.
2019; 12(11):5330-5332.
DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00924.7