Assess the factors affecting the non utilization of Cervical Cancer screening services among women attending in nemam Primary Health Center

 

Dr. P. Mangala Gowri^1*, Mrs. Beautily, Ms. S. Santhalakshmi^2*, Ms. M. Nandhini^3*, Mr. Tamizharasan M⁴

¹Principal, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105

²Assistant Professor, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105

^3,4B.Sc.(Nursing) IVrd Year, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105.

 

ABSTRACT:

Aim of the study: Assess the factors affecting the non-utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women attending in Nemam primary health centre. Background: In the early nineties when revolution was occurring in health care system throughout the world, India was facing a lot of deaths due to communicable diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Information Centre on HPV and Cervical Cancer, 2009 report, cervical cancer is currently the primary cancer in women in South Africa with an annual new case incidence of 6,742, in African women. Cervical cancer is highly preventable especially with the aid of cervical cancer screening tools. When cervical cancer is detected in early stages, it can easily be treated; however treating advanced cervical cancer is very challenging by Williams and Amoateng 2012. Cervical cancer screening services are poorly none utilized in developing countries. Improved knowledge has been found to increase acceptance of cervical cancer screening. Successful cervical cancer screening programs depend on the participation of informed target population through programs that build knowledge and address misconceptions of the screening programs and therefore increase acceptability and improve patronage of cervical cancer screening programs. Design: Descriptive research design. Methods: Descriptive research design was adopted for this study, purposive sampling technique was used and 50 samples were selected. The data was collected, analysed, in term of both inferential and descriptive statistics. Result: Out of 50 sample reveals that Age were 25-35 years 24(48%) Religion 30(60%) were Hindu, Education 15(40%) were no formal level of education, occupation 39(78%) were housewife, income of the family per month 24(58%) were Rs.5000-10,000, marital status 50(100%) were married, parity 38(68%) were 2-4 children.

Conclusion: This study indicates that the majority of women have moderate knowledge of cervical cancer screening services.

 

 

 

 

BACKGROUND:

In the early nineties when revolution was occurring in health care system throughout the world, India was facing a lot of deaths due to communicable diseases. However after independence, the Government of India took lot of measures to improve the life expectancy of Indian population, these measures gave fruitful results by showing a massive control in mortality due to communicable diseases.

 

This revealed the decrease in death rate and the better improvement of quantity and quality health services in India. A Population will increase to 70 years by 2021–25. In modern era where urbanization, industrialization, life style changes and Population growth etc. are influencing the disease pattern, we can see a paradigm shift from communicable disease to non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes and hypertension. Recent times have seen an increase in the incidence of cancer.

 

In the early nineties when revolution was occurring in health care system throughout the world, India was facing a lot of deaths due to communicable diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Information Centre on HPV and Cervical Cancer, 2009 report, cervical cancer is currently the primary cancer in women in South Africa with an annual new case incidence of 6,742, in African women. Cervical cancer is highly preventable especially with the aid of cervical cancer screening tools. When cervical cancer is detected in early stages, it can easily be treated; however treating advanced cervical cancer is very challenging by Williams and Amoateng 2012.

 

Cervical cancer screening services are poorly none utilized in developing countries. Improved knowledge has been found to increase acceptance of cervical cancer screening. Successful cervical cancer screening programs depend on the participation of informed target population through programs that build knowledge and address misconceptions of the screening programs and therefore increase acceptability and improve patronage of cervical cancer screening programs.

 

Aim of the study:

Assess the factors affecting the non-utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women attending in Nemam primary health centre.

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

·        Assess the factors affecting the non-utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women

·        Find the association between the factors affecting the non-utilization of cervical cancer screening services with the selected demographic variables.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Descriptive research design was adopted for this study, purposive sampling technique was used and 50 samples were selected. The data was collected, analysed, in term of both inferential and descriptive statistics.

 

Ethical consideration:

The project has been approved by the ethics committee of the institution. Informed consent was obtained from the participants before initiating the study.

RESULTS:

SECTION 1: Frequency and percentage distribution demographic variables:

The results depicts that Out of 50 sample reveals that majority of the samples were coming under the Age of 25-35 years , 30(60%) of samples are Hindu’s, regarding the Education 15(40%) were has no formal level of education, regarding occupation 39(78%) were housewives, majority of samples income of the family per month 24(58%) were Rs.5000-10,000, and most of the samples38(68%) has parity of 2-4 children.

 

SECTION II: Assess the factors affecting the non-utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women:

Frequency and percentage distribution on perception of cervical cancer screening services in PHC:

The study reveals that out of 50 samples 27 (54%) of women has good perception on attending cervical cancer screening services and remaining 23 (46%) of women has poor perception on attending cervical cancer screening services in primary health centre at Nemam.

 

 

Figure :Frequency and percentage distribution on perception of cervical cancer screening services in PHC

n = 50

 

The study reveals that out of 50 samples 28 (58%) of women has good accessibility to attend cervical cancer screening services and remaining 22 (44%) of women has poor aceessibility to attend the cervical cancer screening services in primary health centre at Nemam.

 

 

Figure : Frequency and percentage distribution of accessibility to attend the cervical cancer screening services.               n = 50

SECTION 4: The Association Between Factors Affecting Non Utilization Of Cervical Cancer With Demographic Variables.

The study shows that there is significant association between the occupation, number of the children, family income, and marital status of the demographic variables and the factors affecting non utilization of cervical cancer screening services.

 

DISCUSSION:

Frequency and percentage distribution demographic variables:

The results depicts that Out of 50 sample reveals that majority of the samples were coming under the Age of 25-35 years , 30(60%) of samples are Hindu’s, regarding the Education 15(40%) were has no formal level of education, regarding occupation 39(78%) were housewives, majority of samples income of the family per month 24(58%) were Rs.5000-10,000, and most of the samples38(68%) has parity of 2-4 children.

 

Assess the factors affecting the non-utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women:

Fort, makin (2010) A cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge awareness and perception of susceptibility to cervical cancer among 1592 randomly selected women aged between 20-45 years in rural community of low local government of Osun state in south –west Nigeria by introducing structured questionnaire .Results showed that (4.97) respondents had below average score, 624(39.2%) had heard about cervical cancer, 16.6% were able to identify where the cervix is located and 10.6% of participants reported about someone who had cervical cancer before., The study concluded that public awareness and development of health facilities were important to reduce the morbidity.

 

Frequency and percentage distribution on perception of cervical cancer screening services in PHC:

The study reveals that out of 50 samples 27 (54%) of women has good perception on attending cervical cancer screening services and remaining 23 (46%) of women has poor perception on attending cervical cancer screening services in primary health centre at Nemam.

 

Frequency and percentage distribution of accessibility on cervical cancer screening services.

The study reveals that out of 50 samples 28 (58%) of women has good accessibility to attend cervical cancer screening services and remaining 22 (44%) of women has poor accessibility to attend the cervical cancer screening services in primary health centre at Nemam.

 

 

 

The Association between Factors Affecting Non Utilization of Cervical Cancer with Demographic Variables.

The study shows that there is significant association between the occupation, number of the children, family income, and marital status of the demographic variables and the factors affecting non utilization of cervical cancer screening services

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion drawn from this present study was out of 50 samples 27 (54%) of women has good perception on attending cervical cancer screening services and remaining 23 (46%) of women has poor perception on attending cervical cancer screening services out of 50 samples 28 (58%) of women has good accessibility to attend cervical cancer screening services and remaining 22 (44%) of women has poor accessibility to attend the cervical cancer screening services there is significant association between the occupation, number of the children, family income, and marital status of the demographic variables and the factors affecting non utilization of cervical cancer screening services.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       Abotchie, P. N. And N. K. Shokar (2012). "Cervical cancer screening among college students in Ghana: knowledge and health beliefs." Int J Gynaecology Cancer 19(3):412-416.

2.       Abrahams, Wood and Jewkes (2013). "Cervical screening in Montagu district: women’s experiences, coverage and barriers to uptake." cersa-Women's Health 1-874 826-48-X.

3.       Adanu, R. M. (2012). "Cervical cancer knowledge and screening in Accra, Ghana." J Womens Health Gend Based Med 11(6): 487-488.

4.       Agurto. Bishop. Sánchez. Betancourt and Robles. (2014). "Perceived barriers and benefits to cervical cancer screening in Latin America." science directs 39(1).

5.       Al-Nagger (2010). "Knowledge and barriers towards cervical cancer screening among young women in Malaysia." Asian pacific journal of cancer prevention: 867-73.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accepted on 11.03.2018                             © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2018; 11(7): 3128-3130.