INTRODUCTION:

The compositae (Asteracae) is an advanced and botanically highly specialized family of herbaceous plants, herbs, shrubs, or less commonly trees and are arguably the largest family of flowering plants, comprising about 1400 species out of which 674 species are found in India. Some of them are tropical trees and shrubs while few are members of herbs. Tridax procumbens is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family (compositae) a common weed in west Africa, subregion and other tropical zones of world and known coat button in English, Jayanti Veda in Sanskirit, Ghamra in Hindi and Dagadi Pala in Marathi. It is best known as widespread weed and pest plant can be found in fields, meadows, croplands, disturbed areas, lawns and roadsides. It is a semi prostate annual creeper herb.

Stem in ascending 30-50 cm height, branched, sparsely hairy, rooting at nodes. Leaves are simple, opposite, exstipulated, lanceolate to ovate. 3-7 cm long irregularly toothed margin, base wedge shaped, shortly petioled, hairy on both surfaces.^[1]

Chemical constituents-:

A new flavonoid ( Procumbentin ) isolated from the aerial parts of Tridax procumbens, has been characterised as 3-6 dimethoxy -5,7,2,3,4’- pentahydroxy flavone 7-o-b- d- glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and by chemical means. Tridax procumbens- flavonoids plants. Commonly used in Indian traditional medicine as hair tonic, Anticoagulant, antifungal and insect repellent, in bronchial catarrh, diarrhoea, dysentery, and wound healing. Previously isolated constituents, alkyl esters, sterols, pentacyclictriterpens, fatty acids and polysaccharides. New isolated constituent 3,6–dimethoxy -5,7,2’,3’,4’- pentahydroxy flavone 7-O-B-Dglucopyranoside. Also new terpenoids along with bis-bithiophene were reported from Tridaxprocumbens: taraxasteryl acetate, beta-amyrenone, lupeol and oleanolic acid

METHODOLOGY:

Plant material collection and Authentification:

The fresh leaves of Tridax procumbens were collected in the month of January from Hiwra village, District Gondia (MH) India.

The plant of Tridax procumbens was authentified by Prof. Dr. Mahesh Kawle, Department of botany, D. B. Science College, Gondia, Collected leaves were washed and shade dried and used for the further investigation.

Preparation of extract:

The dried plant samples were grinded using mechanical grinder to fine powder and passed through 40 micron sieve. The samples were stored in air tight container.An Extract is obtained by extraction of specific any plant which is obtained by extraction of specific parts of the plant.The crude extract of Tridax procumbens were prepared.

Result were reported in table-

Table no. 1 Physicochemical Parameter

Physicochemical Parameter	Result
Description	Green
Total ash	12 %
Water soluble ash value	4.05 %
Acid insoluble ash value	2.35 %
Water extractive	2.8 %
Alcohol Extractive	2.4 %
Loss on drying	4.66 %

Ointment Preparation:-

Table no.2 Ointment preparation

Sr. No.	Ingredients	F1 (80mg/g) in %	F2 (100mg/g) in %
1.	Sodium Lauryl sulphate	0.85%	-
2.	Propylene glycol	10.32%	-
3.	Stearyl alcohol	21.42%	-
4.	White petrolatum	21.42%	-
5.	Honey	14.28%	-
6.	Tridaxprocumbens extract	8%	10%
7.	Propyl paraben	0.05%	-

The constituents of base were weighed and melted in a beaker at 70^oC using heating burner. The Tridaxprocumbens extract was formulated into the base to attain Tridax procumbens in the Final Concentration of 60 mg, 80 mg and 100 mg /g. The formulated ointments were stored at 4^oc, till further use.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY:

The antibacterial activity of all the ointment containing extract TP was tested by well- diffusion using pour plate method against Staphylococcus aureus( gram+ve) and Escherichia coli ( gram-ve ).

WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY:

Material and methods:

· Swiss male albino mice weighing 25-30 g or either sex were used in the study. Animals were procured from Laboratory Animal House of Manoharbhai Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Gondia

· All animal experiment strictly complied with approval of the Institutional Animal Ethical committee. The animals were kept in polyacrylic cages and maintained under standard housing conditions of temperature (24-27^oc) and humidity (60-65/ %) with 12:12 light: Dark cycles. They were acclimatized for 7 days. The food was provided in the form of dry pellets and water ^[9]

Study design for wound healing activity.:

· Excision wound models were used to assess the wand healing profile of leaf. Extract of Tridax procumbens which was formulated in ointment base. The drug treatments were as follows. Six mice were taken for each group.

· Group A: - Received ointment base and served as normal control

· Group B: - Received reference standard Beta dine Ointment (100 mg/gm)

· Group C: - Received Tridax procumbens ointment (80 mg/gm)

· Group D: - Received Tridax procumbens ointment (100 mg/gm)

Mechanism of wound Healing Activity:

The extract of Tridaxprocumbenslinn. leaves has ability to set the normal and immunocompromised wound healing in mice The wound healing process by application of this extract material involves complex interaction between epidermal and dermal cells, the extra cellular matrix controlled angiogenesis and plasma desined protein all coordinated by an array of cytokines and growth factor the plant not only increase lysyl oxidase but also protein and nucleic acid content in the granulation tissue, probably due to increase of glycosamino glycan content.

Wound contraction with ointment (100mg)

Preminary evaluation of formulation was carried out as follws,:

1. Colours and odour–Colour and odour of prepared ointment was examined by visual examination.

2. pH- the pH of ointment was determind by digital pH meter 1g of ointment was dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water and ph was measured.

3. Spreadability–Spreadability was determined by the apparatus which consist of a wooden block, which was provided by a pulley at one end.

Microbial growth- Nutrient agar media was used in microbial growth study in this method the blank and sample petriplates were used and ointment sample were aseptically transered on to the sample plates in a cross pattern.

pH of the formulation:

The pH of ointment was determined by digital pH meter 1 gm of ointment was dissolved in 50 ml disilled water and the pH was measured.

Sr. No.	Batch	pH
1	F1	6.4
2	F2	6.8

Table No. 10 pH of the formulation

Spreadability of formulation:

Sr. No.	Batch	Spreadibility
1.	F 1 ( 80 mg/gm )	12.14
2.	F 2 ( 100 mg/gm )	13.15

CONCLUSION:

1. In Indian system of medicine of herbal product are made by using crude plant or portion of plant parts and their extracts. The leaves extract of Tridax procumbens plant belongs to family asteraceae was taken for this present study and formulated for the topical ointment and its properties.

2. The Ointment prepared using Tridax procumbens leaf extracts was found to be good ointment characteristics with respect to homogeneity, spredability, pH, viscosity, microbial growth, antimicrobial activity and wound healing activity.

3. The ointment prepared using Tridax procumbens leaves ethanolic extract exhibited strong antimicrobial activity and especially with 100 mg/g of the extract concentration in the ointment. The result of different chemical and physical tests of ointment showed that the formulation could be used topically in order to protect skin against damage caused by microorganism.

4. The ointment prepared using Tridax procumbens ethanolic extract shows significant wound healing healing activity and it significantly help in the wound contraction. Especially with 100 mg/g concentration. But std betadine shows more wound contraction at same concentration compare with test.

5 The ointment was stable even after two months. Also Tridax procumbens is used for their hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory effect, antidiabetic and anticancer activity.

6. Thus it can be concluded that there is a growing demand for herbal formulation in the world market and they are invaluable gift of nature.

7. Herbal medication considered safer than allopathic medicine as allopathic medicine are associated with the side effects. Similarly this ointment can be tested for skin related bacterial infection and also can be used for commercial production of wound care ointment.

REFERENCE:

1. Pharmascognostical and phytochemical investingation of leave of a weed Tridax procumbences LINN. Manish Sutar, Komal Malvankar and Sonia Singh (Internationl Journal of current pharmaceutical research), vol 5, Issue1. 2013

2. Tridax procumben: - A medicinal gift of nature, sujit S. Kale and Amol S. Deshmukh. Asian Journal of Research in Biological and pharmaceutical sciences., 2(4), 2014, 159-162.

3. Formulation and Evalution of Herbal Gel containing leaf extract of Tridax procumbens. Jadhav V. D, Talele, Swati G. Bakliwal, Akashada A, Chaudhari G. N. Jaurnal of Pharmaceutical and Biosciences (JPBS) An international Journal. ISSN 2321-0125

4. Honey based wound ointment for wound healing and skin disorders with animals. Dr. Tineke Creemers and Dr. Willem jan Bosma. Published in Dier an Arts (Animal and veterinary april 2006)

5. Wound healing activity of sillibinin in mice. Rojalinisamanta, Ashok K. Pattnaik, Kishanta K. Pradhan, Beena K. Mehta, Shakti P. Pattanayak, Sugato Banerjee Pharmacogn Res.ISSN: 0976-4836 October – December 2016, Volume 8, Issue 4.

6. Pharmascognostical and phytochemical investingation of leave of a weed Tridax Procumbences LINN. Manish Sutar, Komal Malvankar and Sonia Singh (Internationl Journal of current pharmaceutical research), vol 5, Issue1. 2013

7. The pharmaceutics and compounding laboratory ointments preparation and evaluation of drug release (7)

8. Antimicrobial activity of panchavalkal powder and ointment by Dr. Dhamman and a Khadkutkar (International Journal of Medicinal plants and Natural Products (IJMPNP)) Volume 2, issue 1, 2016, PP 9-15

9. Sugato Banerjee, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra. Wound Healing of silibinin in mice article in pharmacognosy research. January 2016 sugato benergee, birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Rojalini Samanta, Ashok K. Pattnaik, Kishanta K. Pradhan, Beena K. Mehta, Shakti P. Pattanayak.

Received on 19.07.2017 Modified on 17.08.2017

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2018; 11(10): 4543-4546.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00831.4