A Study to assess the knowledge of Breast Cancer and awareness of Mammography among women (30-50) in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital

 

Mrs. Muthulakshmi¹, Ramya. R²

 

ABSTRACT:

Breast cancer is one of the common causes among women in the world and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women and the aim of the study to assess the knowledge of Breast Cancer and Awareness of Mammography among 3o women in saveetha medical college and hospital. 30 Samples were recruited by on probability convenient sampling technique ; descriptive method was used with a Semi Structured questions and the result of the study was women (56.6%) had inadequate knowledge regarding the Breast Cancer and women (66.6%) had inadequate knowledge regarding the Awareness of Mammography; The study level suggest, It is important to create an awareness among women about the breast cancer and mammography; by creating an awareness among women helps in improving their health so they can prevent from breast cancers.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Breast cancer is one of the common causes among women in the world and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Women often do not present for medical care early enough due to various reasons such as illiteracy, lack of awareness, and financial constrain. As age increases by 35 years, there is a gradual shrinking of the mammary gland. Cancer is one of the major diseases and challenging to medicinal system to produce potent and the site specific anti-cancer drugs¹¹, Breast cancer starts when cells in the breast start to grow out of control. These cells often form a tumor that can be seen on an x-ray. Cancer diagnosis is currently undergoing a paradigmatic shift with the incorporation of molecular biomarkers as part of routine diagnostic panel¹².

 

 

Breast cancer is the second most causes in women and it is the leading cause of cancer death in female; after lung cancer. Since 2008 estimates of the World Health Organization; the incidence of breast cancer has increased by more than 20%. Early detection of the breast cancer is crucial not only to the survivorship of a patient, but to her quality of life while treating the cancer, and thereafter. The best prognosis for long term survival is through early recognition followed by timely treatment.. Few prominent ones for breast cancer like BRCA1, ER, PR and Her2/neu, Ki67, PCNA in breast cancer prognosis, M-CSF, FSH and SMRP, CA-125, HE-4, mesothelin and GST, FOLRI and ALDH1, p53, Ki67, PCNA for monitoring ovarian cancer, HPV E6, E7, MCM, CDC6, P16INK4A and PCNA. Ki67 for tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential of cervical cancer was identified^{10 .}

 

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

RESEARCH DESIGN:

A Descriptive design was chosen for the study to assess the knowledge of Breast cancer and Awareness of Mammography.

 

SAMPLE SIZE:

The sample size was compromised of 30 women (30-50).

 

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE:

Convenient sampling Technique is selected for the study.

 

SETTINGS:

The study was conducted in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital.

 

POPULATION:

women of age (30-50) who are attending the Out Patient department of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital.

 

SAMPLE:

Women who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected at the sample.

 

CRITERIA:

The inclusion criteria :Women who are in the age of 30 -50, Women who are able to read Tamil and English

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL:

The tool will be consists of two section

 

SECTION A:

Demographic variables

 

SECTION B:

Structured multiple choice questionnaire

 

RESULTS:

Regarding the age out of 30 samples, 16 samples (53.33%) were in the age group of 35-40yrs, 5 samples (16.66%) were in age group of 41-45yrs, 1sample(3.3%) in age group of 46-50, 8samples(26.6%) in age group of below 35yrs.

 

Regarding the menopausal history out of 30 samples, 3samples (10%) has a menopausal history, 27 samples (90%) has no menopausal history.

 

Regarding the family history of any cancer out of 30 samples, 3samples (10%) has a family history of cancer, 27 samples(90%) has no history of cancer.

 

Regarding the family history of breast cancer out of 30 samples, 30 samples(100%) has no history of breast cancer.

 

TABLE 1:Assess the Knowledge about Breast Cancer among women (30-50)

Knowledge about Breast Cancer among Women	Inadequate		Moderate		Adequate
	No	%	No	%	No	%
	17	56.6%	12	40%	1	3.3%

TABLE 1;

among 30samples, 17 samples (56.6%) have inadequate knowledge; 12samples (40%) have moderate knowledge, 1sample (3.3%) have adequate knowledge on Breast cancer.

 

FIGURE 1: Assess the Knowledge about the Awareness of Mammography among Women (30-50).

 

FIGURE 1:

Among 30 samples, 20 samples(66.6%) have inadequate knowledge, 10 samples (33.3%) have Moderate knowledge about awareness of mammography.

 

DISCUSSION:

The Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of Breast Cancer and Awareness of Mammography among Women (30-50) yrs of age group. The Nurse should encourage to create knowledge on Breast cancer and Awareness of mammography among women. Advanced education in nursing prepares a nurse to take independent discussion and function independently to advocate patient rights for health care which is appropriate. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is the most commonly used psychological model to explain and predict health behaviors. HBM find its application in various areas of health seeking behavior ranging from preventing tobacco usage to breast cancer¹³.The nursing administration can improve knowledge among staff nurse through development program like in service education and continuing education program.The comprehensive study also review with special account on causes, cancer types, different stages sign and symptoms, methods of detecting with their treatments as Radio therapy, Chemotherapy, Surgery and also have shown the various food and nutraceuticals which can be used as a preventive food for cancer¹⁴

 

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT:

The authors are grateful to the authorities of Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Medical college and Hospital.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The Authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       Brunner and Suddarth’s “Textbook of Medical surgical Nursing” 13^th Edition, Lippincott Williams Publication, page no:1132-1135

2.       Joyce M. Black “Medical Surgical Nursing” Volume 2, 8^th Edition, Elsevier Publication, page no: 113-116.

3.       Lewis Medical Surgical Nursing, philipedia: Elsevier Publications. (2014)

4.       Suresh K. Sharma “ Nursing Research and Statistics, Haryana : Elsevier India LTD.

5.       S.N. Text book of medical surgical nursing, 2^nd edition published by Avichal published company.

6.       Potter and Perry text book of basic essential practice for nursing 7^th edition.

 

JOURNAL REFERENCES:

1.       Shiyamkumar, Ayesha mallick Imam, NaumanFazalManzool, and NehalMasood, Knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices for Breast Cancer among health care professionals at AgaKhan Hospital, Karachi: A Cross sectional study.2009; 59(7):474-478.

2.       Ahmad Qureshi, Riyadh saif-Ali, KurubaranGanasegeran, and Sami AbdoRadman. Awareness and Knowledge of breast cancer and mammography among a group of malaysian women, Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study.2011; 12: 2531-2535.

3.       Oche, M.O., Ayodele, S.O., and Umar, A.S(2012). Breast cancer and Mammography: A Current Knowledge, attitudes and practices of female health workers in tertiary institution, Northern Nigeria: A Cross sectional study.2012; 2(5):114-119.

4.       Shrestha, k., Breast Cancer Knowledge and Screening practices among women visited to KIST Medical college, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Descriptive study. 2012; 14(4):308-311.

5.       Pathmavathisubramanian, Nelson Ositdimmaoranye, Nora Ahmad, and NurAishahTaib, Breast Camcer Knowledge and Screening Behaviour among women with positive family history:A Cross sectional study, Malaysia: A Cross sectional study. 2013;14: 6783-6789.

6.       Ghodsi, z., and Hojjatoleslami, s. Breast Self examination and Mammography in cancer Screening: Women Protective Behavior, Iran: Descriptive, Cross sectional study.2014; 55: 46-47.

7.       ArkierupaiaShadap, Maria Pais, and Anusuyaprabhu, Knowledge on Breast cancer and Utilization of mammogram among women inUdupi district, Karanataka: Descriptive Survey. 2014; 4:84-87

8.       ZaherNazzal , Hishamsholi, SuhaSholi, and RawyaLahaseh, Mammography Screening Uptake among Female health care Centers In Palestine Motivators and Barriers, Palestine: A Cross Sectional study. 2016; 17: 2549-2553.

9.       KapilBaiga, and ElamuruganSujindra, Awareness about Risk factors for Breast Cancer and Mammography among pregnant women, puducherry: A Cross sectional stud. 2016; 3:2207-2209.

10.     VimlenduBhushan Sinha, Neha Pandey, PankajTaneja. Biomarker Genes for Gynaecological Cancers. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2016; 9(10):1641

11.     Hemalatha C N, Anbarasu K, VijeyAanandhi M. Evaluation of Anti-Cancer and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Cissusquandrangularis Extracts in DMBA induced Mammary Carcinomas. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(1): 293

12.     V. Jayashree, MalarkodiVelraj. Breast Cancer and various Prognostic Biomarkers for the diagnosis of the disease: A Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(9): 3211

13.     NaynaAbhang, Joe Lopez. Health Belief Model for Social Marketing of Breast Self-Examination – A Review of Literature. Asian Journal of Management. 2018; 9(1):493

14.     Arjun Patidar, S.C.Shivhare, UmeshAteneriya, SonuChoudhary. A Comprehensive Review on Breast Cancer. Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research 2(1): Jan.-March 2012; Page 28-32

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accepted on 26.05.2018        © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2018; 11(10): 4219-4221.