Integrated Urine Pressure Measurement System

 

Bethanney Janney J, G Umashankar^*, S. Srilaya, P. Janani

Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai

 

ABSTRACT:

A smaller than normal intrusive framework for long haul bladder pee weight estimation framework is exhibited. Is the plan cost decreased, as well as the unwavering quality is upgraded by utilizing a 1-atm wiping out detecting instrumentation amplifier (IA). Since the pee weight inside the bladder does not shift radically, both the resting and working modes are required so as to spare the battery control for long haul perception. The IA opens up the flag detected by the weight sensor, which is then sustained into the accompanying simple to-computerized converter. Attributable to the inborn 1-atm weight existing inside the bladder, the IA must have the capacity to scratch off such a weight from the flag got by the weight sensor to keep the required linearity and the determination for weight estimation of the bladder pee. The weight scope of the proposed framework is discovered to be 14.7~19.7 Psi, which covers the scope of the greater part of the known bizarre bladder disorders or difficulties. We have proposed a smaller than normal obtrusive long haul bladder pee weight estimation framework and the controller ASIC. Other than using the weight sensor and the RF module to abbreviate the outline time and cost, the ASIC accountable for summoning the greater part of the segments guarantees the dependability other than scaling down. With a specific end goal to do long haul perception, the dozing and working mode is then again enacted to amplify the battery life. The framework can absolutely detect the pressure in the range of 14.7 19.7 Psi, which has been esteemed as a very huge range for the exploration of bladder breakdowns.

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

The bladder is one of the important part of human body that stores urine. There are some bacterias which causes infection in bladder, Urinary tract, urethra and other parts of urinary ¹ system. Considering above conditions as parameters, the integrated urine pressure measurement system is designed. It is a painless procedure and has no risk of infection and complications are without any disturbance. The existing systems used to measure the urine² pressure is very painful and complicated. It also uses a catheter which is not advisable for the³ patients as it involves many complications. The existing system involves many diagnostic instruments which is cost consuming and less efficient.

 

There is a chance of infection also occurring within the patients. These are considered as drawbacks in the existing system and hence new system of integrated urine pressure measurement system is proposed to overcome these problems. The main objective of the model is to find the infection ⁵ in the urinary tract by continuously monitoring the patients urine output. The flow rate, colour, pressure are the parameters measured in the proposed system at regular time interval. This system aims in reducing the surgical procedures and its non beneficial consequences. The data of the urine output are recorded and measured with sensor which is equipped in the bed pan (urine pan). Along with sensors, various measuring devices are also fitted to monitor and display the urine output. It is a painless procedure and the risk of infection is relatively low when compared to the existing system. Hence the proposed system of integrated urine pressure measurement is choosen as an automatic method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

 

Fig. 1 Block diagram

 

Microcontroller:

PIC 16F877A is a standout amongst the most progressive microcontroller. This controller is broadly utilized for exploratory and current applications due to its low cost, extensive variety of uses, high caliber, and simplicity of accessibility. It is perfect for applications, for example, machine control applications, estimation gadgets, think about reason, et cetera. The PIC 16F877 elements every one of the segments which present day microcontrollers typically have.

 

LCD display:

A fluid precious stone show or LCD draws its definition from its name itself. It is blend of two conditions of matter, the strong and the fluid. LCD utilizes a fluid precious stone to create an obvious picture. Fluid precious stone presentations are super-thin innovation show screen. Fluid gem show is made out of a few layers which incorporate two enraptured board channels and anodes. LCD innovation is utilized for showing the picture in note pad or some other electronic gadgets like smaller than usual PCs. Light is anticipated from a focal point on a layer of fluid precious stone. This blend of hued light with the grayscale picture of the precious stone (shaped as electric current moves through the gem) frames the shaded picture. This picture is then shown on the screen.

 

MAX232:

The MAX232 is an incorporated circuit initially made in 1987 that proselytes signals from a TIA-232 (RS-232) serial port to signals appropriate for use in TTL good computerized rationale circuits. The MAX232 is a double driver/collector and normally changes over the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers give TIA-232 voltage level yields (approx. ± 7.5 volts) from a solitary five volt supply through on-chip charge pumps and outer capacitors. This makes it helpful for actualizing TIA-232 in gadgets that generally needn't bother with some other voltages.

 

Flow Pressure Sensor:

MPX4115 a Motorola pressure sensor is powered by 5V and delivers output voltage ranging from 0.25V to 4.75V corresponding to pressure 15Kpa to 115Kpa respectively. Sensor detects pressure produces corresponding voltage which later converted into 8-bit binary number by ADC0804 and passes an accordingly scaled voltage to microcontroller which converts it into digital data to be displayed on a LCD screen.

 

IR Sensor:

An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor.

 

 

Fig. 2 Block view in LABVIEW

 

Temperature Sensor:

The most commonly used type of all the sensors are those which detect Temperature or heat. These types of temperature sensor vary from simple ON/OFF thermostatic devices which control a domestic hot water heating system to highly sensitive semiconductor types that can control complex process control furnace plants.

 

 

Fig. 3 Whole hardware of the system

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The block view of the system in LABVIEW is shown in figure 2

 

So this system proposed a model which is much cheap and easy to use and can be controlled without disturbing the patient and without any side effects. This model works when the input is given to step down transformer. The step down transformer usually lowers any input voltage given to it.

 

 

Fig. 4 Flow rate of urine for the normal person

 

Fig. 5 Flow rate of urine for the abnormal person

 

The given voltage is lowered to (0-12v). The VOLTAGE REGULATOR in the pic converts it into the desired voltage. The voltage regulator is inbuilt in the pic micro controller. The pic has three types of voltage 5v, 12v and ground. A 5v pic is used. The colour sensor indicates the change in colour. The LED is used to indicate the normal and abnormal conditions. green-normal; red- abnormal. In abnormal condition the buzzer beeps. The output is given by the LCD.

 

The urine flow rate of the normal person is shown in fig 4

The urine flow rate for the abnormal person is shown in fig 5

 

The DATA can be transmitted by WIRE or WIRELESS method. A wire can be connected to the pic and the output can be displayed. By means of wireless method ZIGBEE is used. The required abnormalities, patient condition and every details can be sent directly to the doctor’s or nurse PC and the details can be monitored for the required person.

 

CONCLUSION:

Thus the urine pressure measurement system can reduce urine bladder abnormalities, risk of infection, complications in surgical methods. As, this is a painless procedure and can be observed without [6] disturbing the patient. The urine output is monitored periodically from the measurement system by collecting the graphical representation of the urine flow rate, colour and temperature. The flow rate is monitored using the Lab VIEW and compared with the normal output ranges. The further work to be continued is the miniaturization of this system [7] using the mems techniques to integrate the system into the pans of the patient in the form of microchip. The mini chip is coated with the material that can resist the characteristics of the sample used.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       Anthony Shaw. R, S. Kotowich, H.H. Mantsch, M. Leroux, ‘Quantitation of Protein, Creatinine, and Urea in Urine by Near-infrared Spectroscopy’, Clin. Biochem. 1996; 29, 11–19.

2.       Damasir M.S, G. J. Andros, J. S. Walter, L. Schlehahn, K. Brzezinski, and J. S. Wheeler, Home monitoring of bladder pressure in paediatric patients with spina bifida, 19th IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 1997; 5, 1915-1918.

3.       Drzewiecki, V. Bansal, E. Karam, R. Hood, and H. Apple, The de- velopment of urologic complications in relationship to bladder pressure in spinal cord injured patients, IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Engineering, 1993; 40(7), 704-708.

4.       Huang C-C, J.-S. Liou, Y.-J. Ciou, I-Y. Huang, C.-P. Li, Y.-C. Lee, and W.- J. Wu, An implantable long-term bladder urine pressure measurement system with a 1-atm cancelling instrumentation amplifier, in Proc. of IEEE Int. Symp. On Circuits and Systems 2007, 2383-2386.

5.       McGuire E.J, J. R. Woodside, and T. A. Borden, Upper urinary tract deterioration in patients with myelodysplasia and detrusor hypertonia: a follow up study, 1983; 129, 823-826.

6.       McGuire E.J, F. Noll, and F. Maynard, A pressure management system for the neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, Neurourol. Urodynamic, 1991; 10, 223-230.

7.       Walter J.S, J. S. Wheeler, W. Cai, W. W. King, and R. D. Wurster, Evaluation of a suture electrode for direct bladder stimulation in a lower motor neuron lesioned animal mode, IEEE Trans. on Rehabilitation Engineering,. 1999; 7(2), 159-166.

 

 

 

 

Accepted on 25.03.2017          © RJPT All right reserved