A study of simulated forgery of signature

 

Sushma  Upadhyay¹*, Dr Jyoti Singh²,  Dr. S.K. Shukla², Dr. R.K. Sareen³

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur (C.G.)

²Amity University, Noida

³Director, FSL Rohini, New Delhi

 

ABSTRACT:

A signature (from Latin: signare, "to sign") is a handwritten (and often stylized) depiction of
someone's name, nickname, or even a simple "X" documents as a proof of identity and intent. The writer of a signature is a signatory or srgner. Similar to a handwritten signature, a signature describes the work as readily identifying its creator. A simulated forgery is a simulation of a genuine writing. Variation is visible in Genuine and forged signature   It is not always possible to depict by what method fraudulent writing was made but it shows some light on the investigation .The study on 70 simulated forgery shows that weak signatures can be pictorial or rhythamatically forged, can mislead to anyone but by using sophisticated tool the signature which are simulated with much accuracy can be detected and examined. Variability by some measures likes slant, loop, angle, baseline and strokes etc. This investigation protocol will help to prevent from forgery and personal damage and money loss.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

“Signature verification” is the process of reviewing the signature on the back of a voter’s ballot-return envelope with that voter’s signature saved in the SCORE database. Signature verification plays an important role in our elections because it ensures that only those individuals eligible to vote actually cast a ballot. It also allows Colorado voters the convenience of voting by mail. This guide will help you determine whether the mail ballot-return envelope’s signature and the voter’s signature in SCORE were authored by the same       person^[1]. To make writer identification a more consistent area of research, several authors have made efforts to build complete and concise forms in the sense that all letters and numerals would be captured ^{[2, 4]}.writer identification is the task related to determining the author of a sample handwriting from a set of writers ^[2].

 

Thus, Baranoski et al. ^[5] performed an experiment based on relative slant as discriminative feature ^[6].

 

The degree of overall slant is dependent upon the preferences of the writer, the copybook style of writing learned by the writer, the naturalness of his writing, and it is influenced by several factors such as, the position of the writer’s arm, the way he holds his pen, and the angle of the pape.; Handwriting in Forensic Investigation.^{[3,7, 8].} A genuine signature becomes automatic over time. This automatic nature leads to what appear to be “flying starts and finishes,” where the signature’s start and end points seem to vanish off of the paper. Genuine writers tend to begin writing their signature before the pen even hits the page. A forger will generally start and finish with the pen on the paper, leaving larger ink dots or marks^.[9]

 

METHODLOGY:

For the analysis of signature using sophisticated tool an applied principal of questioned document is done for the purpose of internal protocol is set for simulated forgery and its detection. For this study the sample is collected from 70 subjects.

The following types of information are drawn from each subject:

1. Full name (for the purpose of signature analysis and which part of name is taken as a signature).

2. Education background (the purpose of educational background is to determine the knowledge of signature and educational effect on signature).

3. working experience (working experience is one of the important parameter behind the signature those people have better work experience have skilled knowledge and that reflected in signature).

4. Using signature from (this parameter about form when subject is using a signature and what changes and variation according to signature).

5. Signature specimen (this subject is allowed to give signature in blank space as specimen 1, specimen 2 and specimen 3).

 

After taking the specimen signature of the subject was allowed to give the simulation of above signature for the purpose of examination the signature was simulated just below the genuine signature by traditional method of simulated forgery. Preliminary examination of signature from the genuine was taken as a control signature. Simulated signature which is closely alike to external appearance are taken as suspected sample. In this way signatures are separated for analysis. The analysis was conducted  by using  video spectral comparator  600 which is most advanced and multi parameter  tool for document examination .The instrument is an assembly of various light sources such as ultraviolet visible ,infrared light ,poise light mirror filter etc. this instrument is added with high magnification and angular light source which  gives  better result in document examination . The instrument is also facilitated  with tool panel which is assembly of various kinds of software help in fine analysis the sample which are collected and selected for the analysis are suspended under the VSC, signatures were examined  for its individual and class characteristic and the results were recorded .

 

Examination of Simulated Signature no. 1

 

 

1. Genuine signature sample shows beard formation in no 1 point in signature whereas simulated signature shows retouching.

2. Genuine signature sample shows loop formation in no 2 point in signature where as simulated signature show angular formation.

3. Genuine signature sample shows curve. Angle is present in genuine sign.

4. Genuine signature sample shows ending stroke .Hook is present in genuine sign. Simulated signature shows angular curve formation.

5. Genuine signature sample shows Angular curve formation where as in simulated signature it is absent.

6. Genuine signature sample is free from tremors where as in simulated signature tremors are absent.

 

 

Examination of Simulated Signature no. 2

 

 

1. Genuine signature sample show curve formation which is circular in no1 point where as in simulated signature it is present.

2. Genuine signature sample show hook starting stroke formation in no 2 point where as in simulated signature it is absent.

3., Genuine signature sample show staff where as in simulated signature it is absent and hook is present.

4. Genuine signature sample shows no angle formation whereas in simulated signature it is present.

5. Genuine signature shows shading where as in simulated signature it is absent.

6. Genuine signature sample shows no hook where as simulated signature it is present.

 

Examination of Simulated Signature no. 3

 

1. Genuine signature sample shows blunt starting stroke formation in signature where as simulated signature it is absent.

2. Genuine signature sample shows curve formation where as in simulated signature it is absent.

3. Genuine signature sample shows staff formation which is also present in simulated signature.

4. Genuine signature sample shows no hook formation where as simulated signature it is present.

5. Genuine signature sample shows no tremor where as simulated signature tremor is present.

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

All the documents which are taken from subjects and the simulation were thoroughly analyzed using VSC-6000. Before VSC examination is conducted. In preliminary observations, it was found that those signatures which are weak and small are observed under VSC-6000 it gives better result to with getter accuracy.

 

The VSC system allows examining all the characteristic as well as fine changes. This study on 70 simulated forgery shows that weak signatures can be pictorial or rhythamatically forged can mislead to anyone but by using sophisticated tool the signature which are simulated with much accuracy can be detected and examined. This investigation protocol will help to prevent from forgery and personal damage and money loss.

 

CONCLUSION:

Implementation of scientific knowledge in investigation gives better results for the examination of simulated signature. The investigation protocol for the analysis of signature by VSC provide greater spectrum for the analysis. It gives more appropriate results to document examiner and helps to differentiate between genuine or forged  signature.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       This Guide’s Principles are largely derived from: Albert Osborn, Questioned Documents (Boyd Printing Company 1946) (1910).

2.       Osborn, A.S.; Questioned document. 2nd ed. Albany, NY: Boyd Printing, 1929.

3.       R. Plamondon and G. Lorette. Automatic signature verification and writer identification – the state of the art. In Pattern Recognition, volume 22, pp. 107–131, 1989.

4.       Srihari, S.N., Cha, S.-H., Arora, H., Lee, S.; Individuality of Handwriting: A Validation Study. 6th Int. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR2001), pp. 106-109, 2001.

5.       Baranoski, F.L.; Oliveira, L.S.; Justino, E.J.R.; Writer Identification Based on Forensic Science Approach. Conferencia Latinoamericana de Informática (CLEI2007), v. 1. pp. 25--32. 2007.

6.       Cha, S.H.; Use of the Distance Measures in Handwriting Analysis. Doctor Theses, State University of New York at Buffalo, EUA, 2001, p. 208.

7.       Franke, K. and Köppen, M.; A Computer-based System to Support Forensic Studies on Handwritten Documents. International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, 3(4), pp. 218--231, 2001.

8.       Morris, N.; Forensic Handwriting Identification Fundamental Concepts and Principles, Academic Press, 2000.

9.       Signaure Verificaion Guide, Sae of Colorado, Deparmen of Sae 1700 Broadwa, Suie 200, Denever, 80290, Version 1.0, 1 April, 2016.

 

 

 

Accepted on 26.09.2017        © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2017; 10(12): 4215-4218.