INTRODUCTION:
IOT [internet of things] is a network which is
interconnected with physical devices and things. Enables to collect and
exchange the data between the physical world and computer system with the help
of embedded system and network connectivity. In IOT, the objects are controlled
and sensed by available network connectivity. When IOT is enlarged with
embedded system the technology becomes a model for physical system and environ
the technologies such as smart homes, smart cities, smart grid, and transportation,
building automation, heat detector, smart cities, smart farming, smart lock,
wearable, video surveillance, video recorder, motor devices, fire alarm etc.
Hao chen et al1A thing in IOT refers to large kinds of devices such
as heart monitoring, automobiles with build in sensor. All these applications devices collect useful
information with the help of various existing technologies. Salim Elbouanani et
al2. The top most five IOT applications are: smart cities, smart
homes, wearable, smart farming and health care are briefly explained.
Smart cities are the one among the IOT applications.
It handles the connectivity of big data wherever the smart city initiatives are
enabling all over the world. It introducesa huge new powerhas the ability to
monitor remotely, control and manage the tools to create more new information
from real time data. Jalpa Shah and Biswajit Mishra3. The role of
the IOT in smart cities are, developing the infrastructure, mold more capable
and expensive and effectiveservices, reducing traffic jam increasing the
publictransportation, and keeping the citizens safe. Those actions are
controlled and monitored through surveillance cameras can supply the
information as fast as possible. Mervi Hamalainen and Pasi Tyrvainen4.
Smart Home are the another famous application
of IOT, all of these applications will direct under the various gateways standard
communication and the alternate sensors applications will be unity, hook their
intelligence to mould the real smart homes. Yin Jie et al5. It unity
all applications and the intelligence bum it. For instance, the motion sensor
applied in the protection system is unity with home’s light control and HVAC
(heating, ventilation and air conditioning) system.And this system helps to
switch off the lights and heating when no one is there in a room. With the same
motion sensor, when the home protection system is on, can send the alarm if any
damages occur for any theft propose or any other else. It’s really smart and
useful. Thinagaran Perumal et al6.
Wearable technology is one the efficient applications
of the Internet of Things and its implementations are up to date. The
efficiency of data processing accomplished by various smart wrist wear, wearable
and smart glasses is gradually dispelling among the public and getting closer
to wearable will bring scarce worth to our lives. Shivayogi Hiremath et al7.And
also this technology is ready to use IOT events and applications and easilyunity
with very small microchips in wearable devices to enables notifications, data
collection, security, profile management and other features. It assures lose
free communication between wearable devices. Wei Zhou and Selwyn Piramuthu8.
Smart Farming Most of the agricultural land
areas are industrialized. It can make difficult to farmers because of lack of
land area. Increasing industries can produce water shortage problem to the
farmers. Abdullah Na and William Isaac9. IOT largely destroys the
small level agricultural areas. Smart farming is fit for our economical
country. It does not reachlarge level agricultural areas. IOT is one of the
platforms of today’s smart city, and smart energy management systems. Minwoo
Ryu et al10.
Health Care The act of taking a vital role of
medical procedures to reform person’s well being. The process is implemented
while the treatment is ongoing. These services are characteristic offered
through healthcare system made up of physicians and hospitals. Tawachi NYASULU11.
Through online computer system, collection of information, medical equipment
and application are connected to the healthcare. Medical equipmentare connected
to network and also IOT allows machine to machine communication and envelope
different kinds of protocols, application, domains, and are connected to cloud
application. Punit Gupta et al12. All the medical information is
stored in cloud application. Example for IOT-health care monitors the medical
history of the patient and also the location of the person that is where the
patients are admittedin hospitals. All these information can collect with the
help of mobile health devices. Radio frequency identification [RFID] tags allow
the information to share and can also be placed in medical equipment. So that
hospital staff can remain aware of quantities they have. Telemedicine is known
as monitoring the patients remotely in their homes. Luca Catarinucci et al13.
The Health care data center can secure the life of the
patients by connecting the IOT. Data center can stores the large information
about medical health care .The IOT health care devices are working in high
speed than other normal and ancient devices. It can transfer the information
about the medical health care into cloud applications. All the information
about health care data center are connected, stored and secured in cloud
application. The cloud stores the information about patient data accessing,
medical academic researching and healthcare policy making. The Data accessing
refers to software and proceed further to express about storing, retrieving and
acting on data, where all the information in health care (HC) data center are
connected and stored into data accessing.
Figure 01:Proposed Architecture On Health Care.
Data accessing contains the information about pre
treatment, in treatment and post treatment. A pre treatment given before the
main course of therapy where undertaken by ambulance, patients, and physician.
An in-treatment takes place while performing the actions in the laboratory test
and diagnosis. After the course of therapy the insurance and accounting of the
patient take place as post treatment. And then all the process of health care
data center end with the process called material equipment and logistic
contains the process of purchasing, delivering, quality controlling and
warehousing as mentioned in architecture, as shown in figure 01.
Ambulance Connected to IOT:
Time is the most important and valuable in the medical
emergency schedule. Each and every Minute has unique values in human being. That
time can decide the birth and death of human life. Nowadays while traveling
from one place to another, we are facing the major problem that is traffic on
the road. Because of this ambulance are unable to move from that place and have
to wait for few times or few hours until the traffic gets cleared. So that
unfortunately patient may get into some severe stage or die due to lack of
treatment at current time. To come out from those problems and also to save
patient lives a new technology has applied and also known as IOT. Which means
the process are connected and controlled to the internet.Bluetooth or sensor or
RFID and the other gateways can be connected to the networks. The devices which
are connected to the networkare fixed in the emergency vehicles that help us to
track the destination place. By using this new technology we can get the
benefits and also can save the lives of the patient. The main aim is to
changing the timer of the signal board into greenwhere the path of the
ambulance is present when in the traffic load and recharging the oppositesignal
board into red sign also that ambulance and IOT are controlled by this process.
By using GPS location the chauffeur of the ambulance will sent the request to
the signal point and the user is connected to the cloud with GSM(global system
for mobile communication) technology .when the signal board receives the
request spontaneously sends the received acknowledgment. Venkatesh H et al14.
Patient Connected to IOT:
Protection is one of the most important sights of all
process. People have various scenery anent protection, and also apparent in
many ways. In common, protection is a concept like same as security of the
process. The contact in the sensor network application in medical health care are
wireless in nature. It may result in the different threads of the protection of
all process. These are the protections problem cloud plays severe issues to the
wireless sensor tool.
Body sensor network (BSN) grant the concatenate of
brilliant and minify low power sensor edges, on human body events and the
encircling the atmosphere. And also it can develop highly in the future
facilities of the health care system. BSN contains of in-body and on-body
sensor network. An in-body sensor network grants concern between implantable
tools and base stations. An on-body sensor network grants concern between
wearable devices and integrate. Body sensor network (BSN) architecture codifies
implantable and wearable sensors. Every sensor edges are concatenate with
medical equipments like Electromyography (EMG), Blood Pressure (BP),
Electrocardiogram (ECG), and electroencephalography(EEG) and so on. So, these
sensors adds the physiological bound and forecast them to concatenate called
(LPU) local processing unit, can be a movable tool like smartphones and
personal digital assistant (PDA). The local processing unit toil as a router
between the BSN edges and the middle server called BSN care server using the
wireless gateways. Prosanta Gope and Tzonelih Hwang15.
Hospital Connected to IOT:
The medical apparatus has various forms and stages of
complication, from speech depressors to non-natural hearts. If the electronic
tools such as examine system, are connected, the hospitals are gain from
summarized rate and time-savings. In ordinary network, tool sconnections are
used to vaguely examine, manage and organize tools. In every hospitals acts as a
examine function that includes huge costs. Tools can gather the information
about the patient’s essential symbol, and intake of pills and breathing
apparatus examine, which provides information that is essential in providing
best care of patients. If these devices are connected to the system then the
total time and perfectness of the information is much huger than the manual
records.
The medical equipments are working with free of charge
and various benefits. The collection of data is increased rapidly. The
connected devices can intimate the doctors and nurse in case of any tricky
treatment occurs in hospitals. Clinical Decision Support system (CDSS) helps to
store and view the huge amount of information about the medical reports of the
patients.
Linked equipments are reduced to the individual
collection of data. It can help the major role in the health care system.
Obtaining those devices on the network has a group of knowledge and the
hospitals and hawker should work in concert to get the profit to a connected
hospitals. Compatibility, Elasticity, and scalability are all solutions to the
healthcare can gather the lots of profits to connected medical devices and to
connected hospitals. Boyixu etal16.
Figure 02:IOT Based Medical Health Care System.
Activities and Roles of Medical Health Care:
Health care service is an active
progression contains all processing of treatments that are pre treatment, post
treatment and in treatment.
The servicing actions of the health care
contain not only inside the hospital but also outside of the hospitals. It may contain
medicines and the other equipments which provide the insurance document
processing. Health care data center is used to access the patient data. It is
used to view records and update the details of patients. HDC passes request, if
the request is accepted, the treatment will starts preceding the process of treatment
such as pre treatment, in-treatment, post-treatment. The pre treatment consists
the process in step by step procedure as, first the ambulance services is
provided and The formalities of the patients are necessary to be done.
Then have to visit the doctor for the
process of in-treatment. The In-treatment consists of laboratory tests, and the
other treatment for the requirements. After the process of treatment is
finished the process of post treatment is done. The post treatment consists of
accounting and the insurance of the patient.
After the process of posttreatments they
conclude the discharge details of the patient. This is the activities taken place
in the medical health care system.
CONCLUSION:
New uses of IOT in healthcare not only convey the
profits to doctors and managers to fetch broad ranges of information resources
but also challenges in fetching IOT information, particularly in real time IOT
application systems. IOT device creates the problem for the IOT data fetching.
It is convict that IOT is useful in data fetching and provided a podium to
fetch large scales of data sources. With the help of IOT the users can get more
information which is essential for medical services. In emergency medical
services, the information about the patients, doctors, nurses and ambulance can
get by IOT. Boyixuet al17.
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