ISSN 0974-3618 (Print) www.rjptonline.org
0974-360X (Online)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Prevalence of Signs and Symptoms of
Temporomandibular Disorders in Chennai, India: A Cross Sectional Survey
S. Subhadharsini
Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals
*Corresponding Author E-mail:
ABSTRACT:
AIM: The aim of this survey was to evaluate the
prevalence of TMDs.
TMDs is a collective term that describes a sub-group
of painful oro-facial disorders, involving complaints of pain on the
Temperomandibular joint(TMJ) region and fatigue of the cranio-cervicofacial
muscles, especially mastication muscles, limitation of mandibular movement and
presence of articular clicking. Emotional stress, occlusal interferences,
malpositioning or loss of teeth, postural changes, dysfunctions of the
masticatory musculature and adjacent structures, extrinsic and intrinsic
changes on TMJ structure and/or a combination of such factors are causes of
TMDs. TMDs were assessed by three indicators like; clicking, tenderness and
reduced jaw mobility (RJM). The tempromandibular joint is a hinge that connects
your jaw to the temporal bones of the skull, which is in front of each ear. It
lets to move the jaw up and down, side to side while talking, chewing and
yawning.
KEY WORDS: Temporomandibular
disorder, Age group, Grinding or clenching, Chewing interference, Yawning.
INTRODUCTION:
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a
generic term used for any problem concerning the jaw joint. Injury to the jaw,
temporomandibular joint, or muscles of the head and neck can cause TMD. Other
possible causes include grinding or clenching the teeth, which puts a lot of
pressure on the TMJ; dislocation of the disc[1].
The most common TMJ disorders are pain dysfunction syndrome, internal
derangement, arthritis, and traumas[2]. It occurs more often in women than in
men[3]. Generally
the prevalence is low in
children but increases with age. However, children rarely complain of any
symptoms. It has been well established, by means of other epidemiological
studies that signs and symptoms of TMDs are common in all ages. A high
prevalence of such signs and symptoms have also been found in children.
However, they have been judged to be milder
in character and less frequency in children and young individual[4]. It is therefore, important and valuable to have
epidemiological data to estimate the proportion and distribution of these
disorders in the age group of 15 to 25 in Chennai.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the
prevalence of TMDs in college student of both sex through the analysis of the
subjective and objective data obtained from a questionnaire[5].
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
The sample consisted of 50 students, in the
age group of 15 to 25, Males -14 and Females -36. Surveys were distributed among a population of students .The survey
population was selected between the age group of 15 to 25 and was asked to
complete the 15 questions. The survey questions ranged from signs and symptoms
more commonly associated with TMJD and other problem related to jaw. TMDs were
assessed by three indicators like; clicking, tenderness and reduced jaw
mobility. The findings are classified as symptoms and signs[6]. Diagnosis of
TMDs is made with a history of facial pain combined with physical findings by
askingfew
question related to the topic[7].
RESULTS:
|
SIGHS AND SYMPTOMS
|
YES
|
NO
|
|
Clicking
,popping
|
11
|
39
|
|
Pain
in around the TMJ
|
7
|
43
|
|
Pain
when chewing
|
7
|
43
|
|
Mouth
ever locked open
|
4
|
46
|
|
Pain
sometimes feel in ear
|
8
|
42
|
|
Pain
when yawning
|
8
|
42
|
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TMJ
DISORDER:
TABLE
1:
1.Clicking, popping
2.pain in or around the TMJ
joint
3.pain when chewing
4. Mouth ever locked open
5. Pain sometimes feel like in
the ear
6.pain when yawning
ACCORDING TO THE AGE:
TABLE 2:
|
AGE
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
17
|
1
|
5
|
|
18
|
2
|
25
|
|
19
|
0
|
6
|
|
20
|
1
|
4
|
|
21
|
1
|
2
|
|
22
|
1
|
0
|
|
23
|
1
|
0
|
|
24
|
1
|
0
|
DISCUSSION:
Based on the analysis of the
study from the above table 1, it can be observed that various signs and
symptoms were not much prevelant among the people of age group 15-25. From a
calculated population of 50 people, 11 people felt clicking and popping sound,
7 had pain around the joint, 4 were unable to close their mouth completely, 8
feel pain in ear and discomfort while yawning.
Based on the variations on age
from the above table 2, it can be interpreted that very few had
Tempromandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. A recent Study conducted among Turkish
children by muhtarooullari M et al. proved that there was an increase in signs
and symptoms with respect to age among the selected population[8].
In our study the results are
obtained in contrast to the above study because there was no significant change
with respect to age.
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