Study of UV Protective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Fruit of Carica papaya L.

 

Somkant V. Jawarkar¹, Kiran A. Wadkar², Pankaj Kore³, Sachin G. Lokapure²*, S.K. Mohite³ and C S Magdum³

¹JJTU Research Scholar, JJT University, Rajasthan

²Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra

³Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KES’s, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Maharashtra

 

ABSTRACT:

In the present study, to investigate its UV protective activity of ethanolic extract of fruit of Carica papaya L. Sunlight stimulates hormone protection, and it allows synthesis of vitamins D promotes skin cell regeneration and contributes to all overseen of well being of individual. The sunlight which also stimulates melanin and the pigment that acts as the skin natural sunscreen. But excessive radiations of sunrays are unprotected and leading to painful sunburn or other skin related complication. This study evaluates on UV absorption ability of flower of Carica papaya L., as an anti-solar agent. The extract was prepared with 90% ethanol by maceration process. The method was performed by UV visible spectrophotometer in the range of 200-400nm. The finalize result of extract was reported as maximum absorbance at283 nm while good absorbance at 220 nm to 250 nm. The moderate absorbance at 300-400 nm.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Every year, more than one million people are diagnosed with skin cancer and about 10,000 die from malignant melanoma. Most skin cancers occur on the areas that are most frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and the back of the hands.^1,2

 

Exposed sun UV light is classified into three types, by its wavelengths as UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. The dimensions of their wavelength are roughly 400-320nm for UV-A, 320-290nm for UV-B and 209-200nm for UV-C. Although it may be observed that the shorter wavelength and the lower the number, the greater the energy level of the light and the more damage it can do. Direct exposure to UV-C for a length of time would destroy the skin. Fortunately, UV-C is completely absorbed by gases in the atmospheres before it reaches the ground. In any time the longer wavelength of UV-B and UV-A pass right through the atmosphere. The molecules in sunscreen absorb most of UV-Band prevent it from reaching the skin just as the molecules of the atmospheres absorbs UV-C and prevent it from reaching the ground ^3-6

 

The Carica Papaya L (Caricaceae) is a powerhouse of nutrients and is available throughout the year. It is a rich source of threes powerful antioxidant vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin E; the minerals, magnesium and potassium; the B vitamin pantothenic acid and folate and fiber. In addition to all this, it contains a digestive enzyme-papaintha effectively treats causes of trauma, allergies and sports injuries. All the nutrients of papaya as a whole improve cardiovascular system, protect against heart diseases, heart attacks, strokes and prevent colon cancer. The fruit is an excellent source of beta carotene that prevents damage caused by free radicals that may cause some forms of cancer. Ripe fruit consumed regularly helps in habitual constipation. It is also reported that papaya prevents premature aging. It may be that it works because a poor digestion does not provide enough nutrients to our body. The fruit is regarded as a remedy for abdominal disorders. The skin of papaya works as a best medicine for wounds. Even you can use the pulp left after extracting the juice from papaya as poultice on the wounds. The enzymes papain and chymopapain and antioxidant nutrients found in papaya have been found helpful in lowering inflammation and healing burns. The presence of vitamin A helps to restore and rebuild damaged skin. Applied papaya peel used as skin lightening agent. When peel mixed with honey and applied it can act as soothe and moisturizers the skin.⁷

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Papaya fruit (Carica Papaya L) were obtained from a local market in Sangli, Maharashtra, India, and they were botanical authenticated at Dept. of botany Y.C College, Karad (MS). Fruit were selected for uniform size, color, level of external ripeness, and divided into four ripeness stages: RS1 re- presents papaya with yellow area on 0% - 25% of the skin; RS2 with >25% - 50% color; RS3 with >50% - 75%, and RS4 with >75% - 100%. The papaya with yellow soft area of fruit flower were percolated ethanol: water (1:1) (100 ml/g of dried yellow soft area of fruit) and the extract was freeze-dried.⁸

 

Test 1: To dry extract, add 5ml of 95% ethanol, few drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 0.5 g of magnesium turning. The finally pink colour observed. (Shinoda test)

Test 2: To a small quantity of extract, add lead acetate solution, it shows yellow coloured precipitate is formed.

 

EXPERIMENTAL WORK:

Preparation of sample:

The sample preparations were carried out by 10 mg% w/v concentration dissolving into the 100 ml of distilled water (10 mg/100ml).  The UV absorption spectrum for the extract was obtained in ranges of 200-400 nm using double beam UV-Vis Spectrophotometer model Shimadzu-1700. The figure 1 indicates scanning absorption spectra of the extract in given range.

 

Figure 1: Scanning indicates absorption spectra of the extract

 

RESULT:

The UV scanning absorption spectra of the extract showed very strong absorption (0.31) with λ_max at 283nm and λ _maxat 231nm with moderate absorbance of (0.0768) ~0.31. The graph if extract also showed a plateau in range of 300-400 nmwith moderate absorbance (0.011) of λ _maxat 366 nm ~0.2-0.1.

 

DISCUSSION:

The result obtained were showed the ability of extract to absorb UV radiation and hence proved its UV protection ability. The extract showed a prominent absorbance at 200-250nm, while good absorbance at range of 260-320nm and moderate absorbance was reported at range of 300-380nm.

This proved activity of plant showed its importance and prophylactic utility in anti-solar activity for formulation. Qualitatively investigation indicates that presence of flavonoid in the extract. This flavonoids are coloured compound pigment found in various leaves and flower amongst the natural source. They are well known for their attractive colours and pharmacological activities, it absorbs light and helps to protect as photosensitive substances in the flower and leaves. Thus it play key role in defense mechanisms in plant. The absorption of UV radiation is a main characteristic for identification of flavonoids in natural source. Due to presence of these flavonoids the result showed strong to moderate absorbance of UV radiation along the whole ranges. The present study is essential for collection of similar data for different plant and there flowers, as well as other parts. This proved activity of plant showed its importance and prophylactic utility in anti- solar formulation. This will be a better, cheaper and safe alternative to harmful chemical sunscreens that used now a day in the industry.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

We are also thankful to the Principal Prof C. S. Magdum for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this work.

 

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Accepted on 10.09.2014          © RJPT All right reserved